中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1762-1768.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2213

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

脱细胞脂肪组织制备:能否成为异体注射或原位成脂的软组织填充物

聂佳莹,易阳艳,朱元正   

  1. 南昌大学第二附属医院整形美容科,江西省南昌市  330006
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-11 修回日期:2019-05-23 接受日期:2019-07-31 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-02-29
  • 通讯作者: 易阳艳,主任医师,南昌大学第二附属医院整形美容科,江西省南昌市 330006
  • 作者简介:聂佳莹,女,1994年生,江西省丰城市人,汉族,南昌大学在读硕士,主要从事脂肪组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81660326);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20171ACB20037)

Acellular adipose tissue preparation: a soft-tissue filler allowing for allogeneic injection or in situ adipogenesis? 

Nie Jiaying, Yi Yangyan, Zhu Yuanzheng   

  1. Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-05-11 Revised:2019-05-23 Accepted:2019-07-31 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-02-29
  • Contact: Yi Yangyan, Chief physician, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Nie Jiaying, Master candidate, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660326; the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20171ACB20037

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM):是由动物细胞合成并分泌到胞外、分布在细胞表面或细胞之间的大分子,主要是一些多糖和蛋白,或蛋白聚糖。这些物质构成复杂的网架结构,支持并连接组织结构、调节组织的发生和细胞的生理活动。细胞外基质是动物组织的一部分,不属于任何细胞,它决定结缔组织的特性,对于一些动物组织的细胞具有重要作用。
脱细胞脂肪组织:脂肪组织移植已成为整形外科及修复重建领域重要的手段,广泛用于软组织缺损的修复和以美容为目的的软组织填充。来源于脂肪组织由细胞外基质组成的脱细胞基质已成为脂肪医学一个新的发展方向,展示出良好的应用前景。脂肪组织脱细胞基质的产生原因可以分为物理性、化学性、酶学以及多种方法的联合,不同的方法对脂肪组织清除细胞的效果不同,对细胞外基质的影响也不同,最终会使宿主对移植的脱细胞材料产生的反应不同,进而影响脱细胞产品的安全性和有效性。

背景:通过脱细胞脂肪组织构建无种子细胞的组织工程脂肪为当前软组织填充的研究热点。

目的:探讨近年来脱细胞脂肪组织的制备方法对其移植后诱导脂肪再生效果的影响,并展望其临床应用前景。

方法:检索1971年1月至2018年12月 PubMed数据、Elsevier数据库相关文献,英文检索词为“adipose tissue engineering;adipose tissue extracellular matrix;soft tissue repair;angiogenesis;adipogenic induction”。阅读近年国内外与脱细胞脂肪组织制备和移植相关的文献,从脱细胞脂肪组织制备方法的改良,交联细胞因子和生物材料等方面进行总结归纳。

结果与结论:当前研究表明,脂肪组织细胞外基质可作为软组织填充的理想支架材料,植入皮下可募集宿主干细胞并诱导期增殖和成脂分化。但现有的脱细胞方案会导致细胞外基质蛋白和结构的损失,这极大的影响了脱细胞脂肪组织植入体内的脂肪再生能力,但通过超临界二氧化碳设备脱油、机械力预处理、交联细胞因子或生物材料等手段可以减少脱细胞脂肪组织制备过程中细胞外基质蛋白的损失和或补充具有促进组织再生功能的蛋白,最终提高脱细胞脂肪组织移植后的血管和脂肪新生能力。脱细胞脂肪组织由于其天然的成脂诱导能力,在脂肪组织工程中具有强大的应用前景,若能克服其制备流程中细胞外基质蛋白损耗或在安全可控的前提下,有望成为可异体注射并原位成脂的理想软组织填充物。

ORCID: 0000-0002-9784-2874(聂佳莹)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 脂肪组织工程, 脂肪组织细胞外基质, 软组织修复, 血管新生, 成脂诱导

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Construction of seedless tissue-engineered adipose tissue from acellular adipose tissue is a hot research topic in soft tissue filling.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of preparation methods of acellular adipose tissue on the induction of adipose regeneration after transplantation in recent years, and to look forward to its clinical application prospects.

METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and Elsevier databases was performed to retrieve papers regarding acellular adipose tissue preparation and transplantation published between January 1971 and December 2018 with the search terms “adipose tissue engineering; adipose tissue extracellular matrix; soft tissue repair; angiogenesis; adipogenic induction”. The retrieved papers were summarized from the perspectives of improvement in preparation methods of acellular adipose tissue, cross-linking cytokines and biomaterials.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Retrieved studies have shown that extracellular matrix of adipose tissue can act as an ideal scaffold material for soft tissue filling. Subcutaneous implantation of extracellular matrix of adipose tissue can recruit host stem cells and induce their proliferation and adipogenesis. However, existing acellular schemes can lead to the loss of extracellular matrix proteins and structures. This greatly affects the fat regeneration ability of acellular adipose tissue implanted in vivo. However, supercritical carbon dioxide deoiling, mechanical pretreatment, cross-linking cytokines or biomaterials can reduce the loss of extracellular matrix proteins and supplement the proteins that promote tissue regeneration during the preparation of acellular adipose tissue. This can ultimately enhance the angiogenesis and adipogenesis of acellular adipose tissue after transplantation. Acellular adipose tissue has strong application prospects in adipose tissue engineering because of its natural adipogenic induction ability. If the loss of extracellular matrix protein can be overcome during preparation of acellular adipose tissue or under the premise of safety and controllability, acellular adipose tissue is expected to become a suitable soft tissue filler that allows allogeneic injection and in situ adipogenesis. 

Key words: adipose tissue engineering, adipose tissue extracellular matrix, soft tissue repair, angiogenesis, adipogenic induction

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