中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 869-876.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2435

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

学龄期儿童胸椎经“椎弓根-肋骨”单元内固定的数字化测量

和雨洁1,王海燕1,李志军1,2,李筱贺1,蔡永强1,2,戴丽娜1,许阳阳3,王一丹3,徐雪彬3   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学,1基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,2数字医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010059;3内蒙古医科大学研究生院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010010
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-03 修回日期:2019-06-11 接受日期:2019-07-15 出版日期:2020-02-28 发布日期:2020-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 李志军,硕士,教授,内蒙古医科大学,基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,数字医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059 并列通讯作者:李筱贺,博士,教授,硕士生导师,内蒙古医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059
  • 作者简介:和雨洁,女,1988年生,内蒙古自治区包头市人,汉族,内蒙古医科大学在读硕士,讲师,主要从事儿童脊柱解剖研究。 并列第一作者:王海燕,女,2003年内蒙古医学院毕业,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事数字解剖方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81560348,81860383);国家自然科学基金(81460330);内蒙古财政厅科技引导项目(2017);内蒙古教育厅青年科技英才项目(njyt-15-b05);内蒙自治区科技计划项目(2016);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(2017);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2016ms08131);内蒙古人社厅归国留学人员基金;内蒙古医科大学科技百万计划基金(YKD2017KJBW012)

Digital measurements of the anatomical parameters of pedicle-rib unit screw fixation in thoracic vertebrae of preschoolers

He Yujie1, Wang Haiyan1, Li Zhijun1, 2, Li Xiaohe1, Cai Yongqiang1, 2, Dai Lina1, Xu Yangyang3, Wang Yidan3, Xu Xuebin3   

  1. 1Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, 2Center of Digital Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 3Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2019-06-03 Revised:2019-06-11 Accepted:2019-07-15 Online:2020-02-28 Published:2020-01-17
  • Contact: Li Zhijun, Master, Professor, Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, Center of Digital Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical Universiey, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Li Xiaohe, MD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical Universiey, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:He Yujie, Master candidate, Lecturer, Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical Universiey, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Wang Haiyan, Master, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical Universiey, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China He Yujie and Wang Haiyan contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81560348 and 81860383, No. 81460330; the Science and Technology Leading Project of the Department of Finance of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2017; the Youth Elite of Science and Technology Project of the Department of Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. njyt-15-b05; the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program, No. 2016; the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2017; the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2016MS08131; the Fund for Returnees from the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; the Science and Technology Million Program of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. YKD2017KJBW012

摘要:

文题释义:
学龄期儿童:从入小学到青春期发育开始之前为学龄期,一般指6或7-12岁。在经历过第1次生长高速期(出生到3岁)后,此时身高及体质量为稳定生长期,除生殖系统外,其他系统器官发育均接近成人水平。大脑皮质理解、分析,认知能力增强,社会心理进一步发育,在小学的教育影响下,学龄期儿童的认识、观察、注意、记忆、想象、思维、语言等方面不断发展。从11-12岁女孩便开始进入青春期,男孩进入青春期的时间则相对晚一两年。
椎弓根-肋骨单元:椎弓根与其外侧自前向后的肋椎关节、肋骨头、肋横突关节和肋横突韧带共同构成“椎弓根-肋骨”单元。第1,11,12肋头只与其相对应椎体的肋凹及椎间盘相关节;第2-9肋骨的肋头位于上下两个椎体之间;第10肋头有的也和相邻的两椎体相关节;上7个肋骨的肋结节与相应的胸椎横突尖前面的肋凹相关节;第8-10肋结节较近于肋骨的下缘,与相应的胸椎横突尖的上缘相关节;第11,12肋与胸椎存在有肋椎关节,无肋横突关节。

背景:经椎弓根螺钉内固定已广泛应用于腰椎,且在胸椎中固定的应用已逐渐被接受。但由于考虑到上胸椎椎弓根狭窄,特别是在T3-T9之间,椎弓根置钉几乎都会穿破皮质伤及邻近重要结构的风险,为避免出现严重的并发症,有学者提出经肋横突关节和肋椎关节至椎体的椎弓根外入路,之后又有人设计了类似的进钉方法,提供足够不穿出肋骨的安全路径。目前,现有的研究多集中于成人中、上胸椎。

目的:测量学龄期儿童胸椎经椎弓根-肋骨单元螺钉内固定的相关解剖参数,探讨其在不同年龄段、不同性别之间的发育规律和形态特征,为临床提供理论依据。

方法:选择7-12岁学龄期儿童胸椎67例,无骨质破坏、肿瘤、畸形、退变、骨折等脊柱疾患及既往无脊柱相关手术病史,行螺旋CT扫描后三维重建,观测椎弓根-肋骨单元的形态结构,测量其横径、长度、内倾角及经椎弓根-肋骨单元置钉安全角度范围并进行统计分析,探讨其在解剖学上置钉的可行性。所有儿童的监护人对试验方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①胸椎“椎弓根-肋骨”单元横径随年龄增加而增大,随椎序的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势,同年龄组内男性大于女性;②经“椎弓根-肋骨”单元钉道长度在不同年龄组中差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),随年龄的增长出现明显增高趋势,随椎序的增加呈先增后减趋势;③经“椎弓根-肋骨”单元置钉最小和最大内倾角得出安全角度范围为18°-25°,其中置钉安全范围最大位于T1,其次为T10,最小位于T4和T5;④由此可见,胸椎经椎弓根-肋骨单元置钉安全角度范围儿童较成人窄,在行椎弓根-肋骨单元置钉时若参照成人的标准可能会引起严重的神经血管损伤,需根据术前CT结果进行个体化置钉。

ORCID: 0000-0002-1977-3180(和雨洁)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胸椎, “椎弓根-肋骨”单元, 发育特征, 学龄期儿童, 个体化置钉, 内固定, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw internal fixation has been widely used in the lumbar spine, and fixed application in thoracic vertebra has gradually been accepted. Considering the narrow thoracic pedicle, especially at T3-T9, pedicle screw always punctures the cortex and important adjacent structures. To avoid serious complications, researchers developed the external pedicle approach from the costal transverse process joint and the costal vertebra joint to the vertebral body, and then others designed a similar screw entry method, which can provide enough safe paths as long as the ribs are not penetrated. At present, the existing studies mainly focus on the upper and middle thoracic vertebrae in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of pedicle-rib unit screw fixation in thoracic vertebrae of preschoolers, and to explore their developmental regularity and morphological characteristics at different age groups and sexes, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice.

METHODS: Sixty-seven preschoolers aged 7-12 years old without bone destruction, tumor, deformity, degeneration or fractures at the spine and no history of spine related surgery were selected. Three-dimensional reconstruction was conducted after spiral CT scanning. The morphological structure of pedicle-rib unit was observed. The transverse diameter, length, inclination angle and safety angle range of pedicle-rib unit screw were measured and analyzed statistically to investigate the feasibility of screw on anatomy. All guardians of the children signed the informed consents, and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The transverse diameter of the thoracic pedicle-rib unit was increased with age, and decreased first and then increased with the increase of vertebral sequence. The transverse diameter in males was larger than in females at the same age. (2) The length of pedicle-rib screw channel was significantly different in different age groups (P < 0.05), which showed a significant increase with age and a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of vertebral sequence. (3) Pedicle-rib unit screw placement showed that safety angle range was 18°-25°, including maximum safety scope in T1, followed by T10, minimum in T4 and T5. (4) Thus, security angle range of pedicle-rib unit screw in children is narrower than that in adults. Compliance with the adult standards in screw placement may cause severe nerve damage to the nerves and blood vessels, so preoperative individualized screw placement should be carried out according to the CT results.

Key words: thoracic vertebra, pedicle-rib unit, developmental features, school-age children, individualized screw, internal fixation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China

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