中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 942-947.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.4002

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨后外侧平台骨折手术治疗中植入物选择与入路对支撑作用的影响

孔令宝,吕  欣   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-28 修回日期:2020-04-03 接受日期:2020-05-13 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-04
  • 通讯作者: 吕欣,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:孔令宝,男,1995年生,甘肃省永靖县人,东乡族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨折研究。

Effect of implant selection and approach on support in the operation of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures

Kong Lingbao, Lü Xin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-28 Revised:2020-04-03 Accepted:2020-05-13 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-04
  • Contact: Lü Xin, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Kong Lingbao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
胫骨平台骨折:胫骨平台位于膝关节内,是胫骨的最近端,胫骨平台包括胫骨内侧髁、外侧髁和胫骨结节,周围由关节囊包绕,胫骨平台的上方有内、外侧半月板,对关节的骨性结构有保护作用。当下肢受到暴力作用,骨折线累及胫骨近端关节面时就形成胫骨平台骨折。
3D打印:是一种新型技术,在临床中主要以CT扫描为基础数据,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可黏合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造所需物体,根据要求可进行不同比例的模型打印,进行更直观、更清晰的观察。

背景:胫骨后外侧平台骨折是一种特殊的胫骨平台骨折类型。由于其特殊的解剖位置,在治疗时,国内外采用的手术入路及内植物种类较多,但尚未达成共识。
目的:对胫骨后外侧平台局部解剖结构、骨折类型进行分析,对各种手术入路及内植物进行归纳总结。
方法:通过计算机检索万方医学网、中国知网、PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“胫骨平台骨折;胫骨后外侧平台骨折;内固定;手术入路”,英文检索词为“tibial plateau fractures; posterolateral tibial plateau fractures;internal fixation;surgical approach”。通过纳入标准与排除标准,最终纳入相关文献54篇进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:胫骨后外侧平台局部有腓总神经、胫前动脉、腓骨头等结构,均会对手术产生影响。常用的骨折分型有Schatzker分型、AO/ATO分型、三柱分型、后柱4分区,后柱4分区对胫骨后外侧平台骨折有了更明确的指导作用。治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的手术入路及内植物种类较多,需根据骨折特性进行最优选择,对于单纯胫骨后外侧平台骨折,后外侧入路相对其他入路有一定优势;后外侧支撑钢板对胫骨平台后外侧剪切力骨折具有更好的支撑作用。
https//orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-6036 (孔令宝) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 植入物, 胫骨后外侧平台, 胫骨平台, 骨折, 手术入路, 内植物, 内固定

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Posterolateral tibial plateau fracture is a special type of tibial plateau fracture. Because of its special anatomical location, there are many kinds of surgical approaches and implants used in the treatment in and outside China, but no consensus has been reached.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize various surgical approaches and implants by analyzing the local anatomical structure and fracture types of the posterolateral tibial plateau.
METHODS: The databases of Wanfang Medical Network, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed were searched by computer. Using the keywords of “tibial plateau fracture; posterolateral tibial plateau fracture; internal fixation; surgical approach” in Chinese and English. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 related articles were finally included and summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are local structures of common peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery and fibular head on the posterolateral tibial plateau, which will affect the operation. The commonly used fracture types are Schatzker, AO/ATO, three-column classification systems and posterior column 4 zone. Posterior column 4 zone has a more definite guiding effect on posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. There are many kinds of surgical approaches and internal plants for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, and the optimal selection should be made according to the fracture characteristics. For simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, the posterolateral approach has a certain advantage over other approaches. Posterolateral supporting plate has a better supporting effect on posterolateral shear fracture of tibial plateau.

Key words: bone, implants, posterolateral tibial plateau, tibial plateau, fracture, surgical approach, internal implants, internal fixation

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