中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 948-956.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.4003

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换中静脉和局部联合或单一应用氨甲环酸:一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析

黄登承1,王志科1,曹学伟2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市   510000;2广东省中医院骨三科,广东省广州市   510000
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-03 修回日期:2020-04-14 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 曹学伟,博士,主任医师,广东省中医院骨三科,广东省广州市 510000
  • 作者简介:黄登承,男,1993年生,湖北省鄂州市人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省中医院院内专项(2017KT1334)

Intravenous, topical tranexamic acid alone or their combination in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Huang Dengcheng1, Wang Zhike1, Cao Xuewei2   

  1. 1Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China; 2Third Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-04-03 Revised:2020-04-14 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-05
  • Contact: Cao Xuewei, MD, Chief physician, Third Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Huang Dengcheng, Master candidate, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Special Project in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2017KT1334

摘要:

文题释义:
Meta分析的优势:高质量的临床研究对样本量和研究中心数量具有较高的要求,而随着样本量的增加,研究成本和消耗也会随之增加,Meta分析方法可以在一定程度上满足此类要求,在严格把握纳入标准的情况下,进行Meta分析也可以作出高质量的研究。
全膝关节置换的应用意义:随着社会老龄化的加速,患有膝关节骨关节炎的人越来越多,而全膝关节置换是治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎和类风湿关节炎等疾病的金标准,减少全膝关节置换出血量是临床医生的目标之一,该篇文章可以为临床用药提供一定的依据。

目的:氨甲环酸的最佳给药途径在全膝关节置换中仍存在争议。文章采用荟萃分析的方法评估静脉内和局部氨甲环酸联合给药的有效性和安全性。
方法:截止2019年5月,在PubMed,Embase,Medline,Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆等数据库中进行文献检索,检索词包括“total knee arthroplasty,total knee replacement,TKA,TKR,tranexamic acid,TXA”,纳入对比联合静脉和局部应用氨甲环酸注射液分别与其中一种方式应用的随机对照试验,采用Cochrane协助网推荐的偏倚风险评估工具评价文献质量,并使用RevMan 5.3软件分析数据。主要结局指标为总失血量、引流量、血红蛋白最大下降值和术后血红蛋白;次要结局指标为输血率,深静脉栓塞发生率和肺栓塞发生率。
结果:①共纳入9项随机对照试验,包括全膝关节置换患者1 220例;②Meta分析结果表明,与单一静脉应用组相比,联合治疗组在总失血量(MD= -213.15,95%CI:-241.23至-185.08,P < 0.000 01),引流量(MD=-40.00,95%CI:-62.34至-17.65,P=0.000 5),血红蛋白最大下降值(MD= -0.65,95%CI:-1.01至-0.30,P=0.002)和术后血红蛋白(MD=0.86,95%CI:0.48-1.24,P < 0.000 1)方面均优于单一静脉注射组;两组的输血率,深静脉栓塞发生率和肺栓塞发生率之间无显著差异(P > 0.05);③与局部应用组相比,联合组在总失血量(MD=-94.24,95%CI:-123.83至-64.66,P < 0.000 01),血红蛋白最大下降值(MD=-0.64,95%CI:-0.93至-0.35,P < 0.000 1)和输血率(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.13-0.74,P=0.009)方面均优于单一局部应用组;两组引流量、深静脉栓塞发生率和肺栓塞发生率方面无显著差异(P > 0.05)。
结论:静脉和局部联合应用氨甲环酸注射液可进一步减少手术失血、血红蛋白下降和术后引流量,并且不会增加深静脉栓塞和肺栓塞等不良事件的发生率,与单一方式治疗相比,氨甲环酸的联合疗法更有效和安全。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5871-9083 (黄登承) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 膝, 膝关节, 氨甲环酸联合, 随机对照, 静脉栓塞, 荟萃分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:The optimal route of administration of tranexamic acid remains controversial in total knee arthroplasty. This study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined administration of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid. 
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library database until May 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials of comparing intravenous or topical administration of tranexamic acid and their combination. The search terms include “total knee arthroplasty, total knee replacement, TKA, TKR, tranexamic acid, TXA”. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate literature quality. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The main outcome measures were total blood loss, drainage volume, maximum drop of hemoglobin, and postoperative hemoglobin level. The secondary outcome measures were the transfusion rate, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of pulmonary embolism.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 9 randomized controlled trials involving 1 220 patients were included in the meta-analysis. (2) Meta-analysis results suggested that compared with intravenous administration group, total blood loss (MD=-213.15, 95%CI:-241.23 to -185.08, P < 0.000 01), drainage volume (MD=-40.00, 95%CI:-62.34 to -17.65, P=0.000 5], maximum drop of hemoglobin (MD=-0.65, 95%CI:-1.01 to -0.30, P=0.002), and postoperative hemoglobin level (MD=0.86, 95%CI:0.48-1.24, P < 0.000 1) were better than in the combined group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the transfusion rate, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of pulmonary embolism (P > 0.05). (3) Compared with the topical administration group, total blood loss (MD=-94.24, 95%CI:-123.83 to -64.66, P < 0.000 01), maximum drop of hemoglobin (MD=-0.64, 95%CI:-0.93 to -0.35, P < 0.000 1) and transfusion rate (OR=0.31, 95%CI:0.13-0.74, P=0.009) were better in the combined group. No significant difference was found in drainage volume, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of pulmonary embolism between the two groups (P > 0.05).  
CONCLUSION: The combined intravenous and topical tranexamic acid can further reduce surgical blood loss, hemoglobin drop and drainage, and will not lead to an increase in the incidence of adverse events such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The combined use of tranexamic acid is more effective and safer when comparing with topical or intravenous tranexamic acid alone.

Key words: bone, knee, knee joint, tranexamic acid combination, randomized control, venous embolization, meta-analysis

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