中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (13): 1852-1858.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.13.004

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换后早期夹闭引流管对失血量的影响

付志强,夏长所,李志杰,姜 涛,张才龙   

  1. 青岛大学附属医院关节外科,山东省青岛市    266000
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-23 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 张才龙,副主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,青岛大学附属医院关节外科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 作者简介:付志强,男,1989年生,江西省抚州市人,汉族,青岛大学附属医院在读硕士,主要从事关节外科方向的研究。

Effects of early drainage tube occlusion on blood loss after total knee arthroplasty

Fu Zhi-qiang, Xia Chang-suo, Li Zhi-jie, Jiang Tao, Zhang Cai-long   

  1. Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2016-02-23 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-03-25
  • Contact: Zhang Cai-long, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Fu Zhi-qiang, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

隐性失血:膝关节置换后隐性失血其实是计算出来的值,总失血量=隐性失血量+显性失血量+输血量,总失血量可以通过Gross方程计算出,由于本文全程使用止血带,术中失血很少,忽略不计,故显性失血量其实约等于置换后引流量。隐性失血主要由膝关节置换后膝关节腔残留的血液及放松止血带后下肢远端溶血组成。
显性失血:性失血量包括置换术中显性出血量+置换后显性失血量。术中显性出血量计算:吸引器瓶中的液体量减去术中使用的冲洗液,再加上纱布、手术敷料称量的增加净重。置换后显性失血量计算:置换后可见失血量主要是所记录的引流量及关节穿刺的穿刺量,刀口敷料称重增加的净重也应记为可见失血。本文全程使用止血带,出血极少,忽略术中显性出血量。故显性失血量约等于置换后引流量。

 

背景:人工膝关节置换的患者年纪较大,往往合并高血压、糖尿病等基础疾病,围手术期失血是影响置换安全的重要因素。
目的:探讨全膝关节置换后早期夹闭引流管对膝关节置换后失血的影响。
方法:选取青岛大学附属医院2014年1月至2015年7月因膝关节骨关节炎行初次全膝关节置换的患者90例,随机分成3组,每组30例,夹闭4 h组置换后早期夹闭4 h引流管,夹闭2 h组置换后早期夹闭2 h,对照组置换后不夹管。因置换术中全程使用止血带,术中失血均按0 mL计算,记录置换后引流量,根据患者身高、体质量和置换前后红细胞压积,通过Gross方程计算患者的总失血量,进而得出隐性失血量,观察置换后患肢肿胀、皮下瘀斑情况,记录置换后6周膝关节美国特种外科医院评分,并进行组间对比。

结果与结论:3组数据统计分析比较,在总失血量、显性失血量方面3组差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),说明夹闭2 h和夹闭4 h均能够减少总失血量及显性失血量,但夹闭4 h减少幅度更大;而置换后6周膝关节美国特种外科医院评分及隐性失血量方面3组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);夹闭4 h组关节肿胀及皮下瘀发生率增加(P < 0.05)。提示夹闭引流管能减少全膝关节置换后总失血量及显性失血量,但不能减少置换后隐性失血,全膝关节置换后夹管2 h为较理想的选择,但应注意隐性失血的存在。 

ORCID: 0000-0003-3797-1284(张才龙)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 全膝关节置换, 失血, 引流管, 夹闭时间, 显性失血量, 隐性失血量, 总失血量, 术后早期

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Artificial knee joint replacement in older patients often combines with basic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes. Perioperative blood loss is an important factor affecting the safety of replacement.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the early closure of drainage tube on blood loss after primary total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: We randomly selected 90 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to July 2015. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (n=30). In the 4-hour occlusion group, the drainage tube was closed for 4 hours in early stage of replacement. In the 2-hour occlusion group, the drainage tube was closed for 2 hours in early stage of replacement. In the control group, the drainage tube was not closed. Because of the use of tourniquet during surgery, the amount of intraoperative blood loss was considered as 0 mL. Drainage blood loss after surgery was recorded. Total blood loss was calculated according to Gross formula through patient height, weight and preoperative and postoperative hematocrit. Hidden blood loss was gotten by subtracting the visible blood loss from total loss. Under the observation of postoperative joint swelling and subcutaneous ecchymosis, knee Hospital for Special Surgery score was recorded at 6 weeks after replacement, and compared among groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Statistical analysis indicated that significant differences in total blood loss and dominant blood loss were detected among the three groups (P < 0.05), indicating that both occlusion for 2 hours and 4 hours could reduce total blood loss and dominant blood loss, but the range of reduction was greater in occlusion for 4 hours. At 6 months after replacement, no significant difference in knee Hospital for Special Surgery score and hidden blood loss was detectable among three groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of joint swelling and subcutaneous ecchymosis was increased in the 4-hour occlusion group (P < 0.05). Above results confirmed that drainage tube occlusion can decrease total blood loss and dominant blood loss after total knee arthroplasty, but cannot reduce hidden blood loss. 2-hour occlusion after total knee arthroplasty is an ideal choice, but the amount of hidden blood loss should be carefully considered.