中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (27): 4423-4428.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.27.026

• 器官移植综述 organ transplantation review • 上一篇    

肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染:对排斥反应与移植物的影响

黄云帆,陈  虹,王  旭,范铁艳   

  1. 武警总医院器官移植研究所,北京市   100039
  • 出版日期:2014-06-30 发布日期:2014-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈虹,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,主任,武警总医院器官移植研究所,北京市 100039
  • 作者简介:黄云帆,女,1986年生,重庆市人,汉族,辽宁医学院在读硕士,医师,主要从事消化内科及肝移植术后感染方面的研究。

Cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation: its effects on rejection and graft

Huang Yun-fan, Chen Hong, Wang Xu, Fan Tie-yan   

  1. Transplantation Institute, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
  • Online:2014-06-30 Published:2014-06-30
  • Contact: Chen Hong, M.D., Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Transplantation Institute, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
  • About author:Huang Yun-fan, Studying for master’s degree, Physician, Transplantation Institute, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China

摘要:

背景:巨细胞病毒是肝移植后较为常见的条件致病病毒,它可以对机体产生多方面直接或间接效应,严重影响患者的长期存活,应引起高度重视。
目的:对肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染的流行病学、危险因素、对机体的影响、临床表现、诊治及预防进行分析总结。
方法:通过计算机分别检索康健外文数据库、PubMed数据库和中国知网数据库2006年1月至2013年12月有关肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染的文献,以及通过手工查阅书籍,以“liver transplantation,cytomegalovirus infection,risk factors”为英文检索词,“肝移植,巨细胞病毒感染,危险因素”为中文检索词。共检出200余篇相关文献,选择代表性好、相关领域权威杂志的文献共40篇做进一步分析。
结果与结论:人群中血清巨细胞病毒-IgG的阳性率较高,肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染的危险因素包括供受者的血清巨细胞病毒状态、较低的肌酐清除率、女性患者、移植物排斥反应、使用的免疫抑制剂方案及供受者的MBL-2和FCN-2基因多态性等。肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染对机体有直接和间接等多方面影响,如巨细胞病毒综合征、器官侵袭病变、移植物失功、加速肝移植后丙肝复发、增加急性或慢性排斥反应的发生率、增加机会性或其他感染的发生率、免疫损失、加速动脉硬化、与β-疱疹病毒之间的相互作用等。因此预防及尽早诊治显得至关重要。用pp65抗原检测进行筛查,再用实时RT-PCR技术进一步诊断,将两者相结合可能是诊断巨细胞病毒感染的一个最佳、且成本较低的方案。目前更昔洛韦仍作为肝移植后抗病毒治疗的首选药物,而口服缬更昔洛韦与静脉更昔洛韦在肝移植后巨细胞病毒感染的抢先治疗上同样安全有效。实体器官移植后对发生巨细胞病毒病的患者进行抗病毒治疗时,治疗前CXCL16、PTX3、血管性血友病因子的血浆水平与临床治疗失败有独立相关性。对于供受者血清巨细胞病毒状态不同的患者,应选用不同的预防方案。



中国组织工程研究
杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 组织构建, 移植, 肝移植, 巨细胞病毒感染, 危险因素, 治疗, 预防

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus is relatively common condition pathogenic virus after liver transplantation. It has many direct or indirect effects on the body, and seriously affects the long-term survival of patients. It should be paid more attention.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the outcomes of the epidemiology, risk factors, effects on the body, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention for cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation.
METHODS: Fitness database, PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were retrieved by computer for articles on cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation published from January  2006 to December 2013, and through manual refer to books. Articles were searched with the key words of “liver transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection, risk factors” in Chinese and English. A total of more than 200 articles were retrieved. Forty articles directly related to cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation and those published in authoritative magazines were included to review with good representativeness.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The positive rate of serum cytomegalovirus-IgG is high in the population. Risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation include donor-recipient cytomegalovirus serologic status, low serum creatinine clearance, female patients, graft rejection, the use of immunosuppressant and donor-recipient MBL-2 and FCN-2 gene polymorphism. There are direct and indirect effects of this posttransplant opportunistic infection, such as cytomegalovirus syndrome, organ invasion lesions, graft loss, accelerated recurrence of hepatitis C, an increased risk of acute or chronic rejection, predisposition to other opportunistic infections, compromised immunity, accelerated atherosclerosis and the interaction between beta herpes virus. Therefore, prevention and early treatment are very crucial. A combination of pp65 antigen assay for screening and real-time RT-PCR methods for confirmation provides an optimal, low-cost diagnostic regimen for cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir is the first selection for antiviral treatment after liver transplantation, but oral valganciclovir and intravenous ganciclovir are safe, feasible options for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation. The plasma levels of CXCL16, PTX3 and von Willebrand factor at the start of treatment are independently associated with virologic and clinical treatment failure during anti-cytomegalovirus therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. We should choose different prevention programs for the patients of different donor-recipient cytomegalovirus serologic status.



中国组织工程研究
杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: liver transplantation, cytomegalovirus, infection, risk factors

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