中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (14): 2269-2274.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.022

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

干细胞的临床应用:缺少大动物模型和人体试验

冯  涛,考晓明,嵇  武   

  1. 南京大学医学院临床学院,解放军南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所,江苏省南京市  210002
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-14 出版日期:2014-04-02 发布日期:2014-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 嵇武,博士,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,南京大学医学院临床学院,解放军南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所,江苏省南京市 210002
  • 作者简介:冯涛,男,1987年生,山东省潍坊市人,汉族,南京大学在读硕士,主要从事肠黏膜损伤修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    南京市科技发展计划(201104027)

Clinical application of stem cells: a lack of large animal models and human trials

Feng Tao, Kao Xiao-ming, Ji Wu   

  1. Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2014-03-14 Online:2014-04-02 Published:2014-04-02
  • Contact: Ji Wu, M.D., Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Feng Tao, Studying for master’s degree, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University/Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Scientific Development Plan of Nanjing City, No. 201104027

摘要:

背景:近年来干细胞的基础和临床应用研究取得了一系列突破性进展。细胞替代疗法可以用来治疗传统治疗方案难以治愈的疾病,具有不可估量的临床应用价值。
目的:综述干细胞在临床应用研究中的新进展。
方法:使用计算机检索Pubmed数据库及中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)2006至2014年有关干细胞临床应用的研究文献。英文检索词为“stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, intestinal stem cells, inflammatory bowel disease, acute lung failure ",中文检索词为“干细胞,诱导性多能干细胞,造血干细胞,骨髓间充质干细胞,干细胞移植,神经退行性疾病,心肌梗死,肠道干细胞,炎症性肠病,急性肺衰竭”。排除陈旧性、与研究目的无关和内容重复的文献,收集到47篇相关文献纳入综述。
结果与结论:干细胞是一类具有自我更新能力的多向分化潜能细胞,根据干细胞的分化阶段,其可以分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞,也可以通过导入特定的转录因子将分化的体细胞重编程为诱导性多能干细胞。诱导性多能干细胞具备与胚胎干细胞类似的功能,是一种特殊的干细胞。在干细胞应用过程中,应重视可能出现问题的解决,例如社会伦理问题、干细胞的获取与存活、特异性诱导分化等,积极推动干细胞的应用。今后应多着眼于转化医学研究,建立大动物模型,填补人体试验和动物实验之间的证据,同时更多标志性的原始创新性工作急待开展。

关键词: 干细胞, 移植, 诱导性多能干细胞, 造血干细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 干细胞移植, 神经退行性疾病, 心肌梗死, 肠道干细胞, 炎症性肠病, 急性肺衰竭

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In the past few years, progress being made in stem cell studies has incontestably led to the hope of developing cell replacement therapy which has immeasurable clinical application value for diseases deficient in effective treatment by conventional ways. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the new clinical progresses in stem cells.
METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKl database for articles regarding basic and clinical research on progresses of stem cells. The key words were “stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, intestinal stem cells, inflammatory bowel disease, acute lung failure” in English and Chinese, respectively. Outdated, irrelevant and repetitive studies were excluded, and 47 literatures were included for summarization.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells are characterized as multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. According to the differentiation stage, stem cells can be divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The induced pluripotent stem cells function similarly to embryonic stem cells and become another special stem cells, which are obtained by reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells induced by specific transcription factors. We should attach great importance to solve the possible problems in the application of stem cells, such as social ethics problem, harvesting and survival, specific differentiation, and actively promote the application research of stem cells. Future research should focus more on translational medicine and the establishment of large animal models to fill the evidence between human and animal trials. At the same time, more iconic, original and creative work should be carried out.

Key words: stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, myocardial infarction

中图分类号: