中国组织工程研究

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胫骨外侧平台骨折关节镜下经皮复位植骨螺钉内固定:4年随访

曾润铭1,吴盛荣2,林少彬3   

  1. 1汕头大学医学院第一附属医院骨科,广东省汕头市  515041
    2汕头潮南民生医院骨科,广东省汕头市  515041
    3汕头潮南民生医院放射科,广东省汕头市  515041
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-08 修回日期:2013-05-18 出版日期:2013-06-25 发布日期:2013-06-25
  • 作者简介:曾润铭★,男,1967 年生,广东省汕头市人,2004 年解放军第一军医大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事关节损伤与修复的研究。 hosward@21cn.com

Arthroscopic assisted percutaneous bone grafting and screw fixation for the treatment of lateral tibial plateau fractures: A 4-year follow-up

Zeng Run-ming1, Wu Sheng-rong2, Lin Shao-bin3   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical University,  Shantou  515041, Guangdong Province, China
    2 Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou  515041, Guangdong Province, China
    3 Department of Radiology, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou  515041, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2013-04-08 Revised:2013-05-18 Online:2013-06-25 Published:2013-06-25
  • About author:Zeng Run-ming★, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China hosward@21cn.com

摘要:

背景:有研究表明,胫骨平台骨折切开复位内固定的病例中远期出现继发性骨性关节炎,但很少有研究者报道关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折内固定的中远期效果。
目的:关节镜下经皮植骨或螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折后1年及4年后的效果及放射学评价。
方法:收集2007年3月和2009年3月期间,汕头大学医学院第一附属医院骨科收治的胫骨外侧平台骨折经关节镜辅助下植骨或螺钉内固定病例的资料,记录骨折Schatzker分型、术中平台侧软骨缺损、股骨侧软骨损伤、关节内软组织损伤、复位不足及术后外侧平台骨折沉降资料。评估植骨或螺钉内固定后1年和4年时膝关节Lysholm评分、Ahlback骨性关节炎分级以及Rasmussen功能评分和放射性评分。
结果与结论:23例患者完成随访研究,植骨或螺钉内固定后1,4年平均Lysholm评分分别为90分和87分(P=0.23),Rasmussen功能评分平均为26分和24分(P=0.30)。术后4年有11例(47.8%)出现膝关节骨性关节炎,Rasmussen放射学评分从术后初期17.4分下降至术后4年的13.6分(P=0.01)。各型骨折与预后无相关性;老年病例、软骨损伤或/和缺损、关节内软组织损伤以及术后外侧平台沉降影响术后中期功能和影像学结果;但统计中发现,胫骨侧软骨缺损对于中期发生关节炎的作用远低于股骨侧的软骨损伤。结果提示:术后早期的影像学结果并不能完全与术后4年的结果相匹配,但中期随访的临床和功能结果仍然满意。患者年龄、合并关节内软骨和软组织损伤以及术后胫骨平台沉降均是影响治疗后患膝出现骨性关节炎的消极因素。胫骨侧软骨缺损对于中期发生关节炎的消极作用远低于股骨侧的软骨损伤,可能与完好的外侧半月板功能有关。

关键词: 骨关节植入物, 骨科植入物, 胫骨外侧平台, 骨折, 关节镜, 经皮内固定, 膝关节Lysholm评分, Ahlback骨性关节炎分级, Rasmussen评分

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the knee secondary osteoarthritis may occur after the treatment of tibial plateau fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, but the researches on the middle- and long-term effect of arthroscopic assisted tibial plateau fracture fixation are still rare.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of lateral tibial plateau fractures after treated with arthroscopic assisted percutaneous bone grafting and screw fixation for 1 and 4 years through clinical and radiological assessment.
METHODS: Between March 2007 and March 2009, with the information of the patients with lateral tibial plateau fractures undergoing arthroscopic assisted percutaneous bone grafting and screw fixation were enrolled. The data of the type of fractures in the Schatzker classification, the accompanying lesions of the cartilage defect on the lateral tibial plateau, the cartilage damage on the femoral condyle, intra-articular soft tissue lesions and insufficient reduction of the fracture, as well as postoperative subsidence in the lateral tibial plateau were collected. The Lysholm score, Ahlback osteoarthritis classification, Rasmussen function score and radiological score were assessed at 1 and 4 years after treated with percutaneous bone grafting and screw fixation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-three patients finished the follow-up. At 1 and 4 years after percutaneous bone grafting and screw fixation, the mean Lysholm score was 90 and 87 points respectively (P=0.23), and the mean Rasmussen function score was 26 and 24 points respectively (P=0.30). At 4 years after surgery, 11 cases (47.8%) presented osteoarthritis and the Rasmussen radiological score was decreased from early postoperative 17.4 points to 4-year postoperatively 13.6 points (P=0.01). No correlation could be observed between the various types of fractures and their prognosis. The elder cases, cartilage damage and/or defect, intra-articular soft tissue lesions and postoperative subsidence in the lateral tibial plateau were correlated with function and radiological middle outcomes after surgery. However, the cartilage defects on tibial plateau had minor effect on knee osteoarthritis when compared with cartilage damage on the femoral condyle. Early radiological outcomes do not completely consistent with that of the 4 years after surgery, but the medium-term clinical and functional follow-up outcomes are still satisfied. Age, cartilage damage or defect, intra-articular soft tissue lesions and postoperative subsidence in lateral tibial plateau appears as prognostic factors for osteoarthritis after treatment. The prognostic effect of cartilage defects on tibial plateau for osteoarthritis is lower than that of cartilage damage on the femoral condyle which may be attributed to integrated function of lateral meniscus.

Key words: bone and joint implants, orthopedic implants, clinical experiment of bone and joint, lateral tibial plateau, fracture, arthroscopy, percutaneous fixation, Lysholm score, Ahlback osteoarthritis classification, Rasmussen score

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