中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 917-922.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2398

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

解剖型髓内钉在四肢管状骨骨折治疗中的应用:把持与抗旋转能力更强

张  经,王  斌,吕  欣   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市    030001
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-08 修回日期:2020-04-14 接受日期:2020-05-16 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-04
  • 通讯作者: 吕欣,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院创伤骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:张经,男,1990年生,山西省忻州市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81802204)

Application of anatomic intramedullary nail in tubular bone fractures of limbs: stronger holding force and anti-rotation ability

Zhang Jing, Wang Bin, Lü Xin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-04-08 Revised:2020-04-14 Accepted:2020-05-16 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-04
  • Contact: Lü Xin, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Jing, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
     the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81802204

摘要:

文题释义:
解剖型髓内钉:一种插入骨髓腔的骨科内固定装置,由主钉与锁定钉组成,主钉因设计形状符合骨髓腔的解剖形态而得此名。是一种新型的治疗人体管状骨骨折的髓内钉。
管状骨:人体中的肱骨、尺桡骨、股骨及胫腓骨等,由于其骨状特点是中间含有骨髓腔,由内到外包含松质骨与皮质骨,因此取名管状骨,是人体重要的骨性结构。

背景:四肢管状骨骨折在创伤骨科中较为常见,其中解剖型髓内钉在近几年逐渐应用于临床治疗之中,并取得较好疗效。
目的:总结解剖型髓内钉在四肢管状骨骨折的应用特点、优势及发展方向。
方法:检索1900年1月至2020年5月期间PubMed、Web of science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(WF)和维普(VIP)数据库。中文检索词为“管状骨、解剖型髓内钉、尺骨、桡骨、肱骨、股骨、胫骨、腓骨”;英文检索词为“Tubular bone,anatomic intramedullary nail,ulna,radius,humerus,femur,tibia,fibula”。初检文章379篇,根据纳排标准,最终纳入34篇文章进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①文章介绍了解剖型髓内钉在四肢管状骨应用的发展历史和应用特点,认为其有广泛的临床前景;②髓内钉正逐渐替代外固定治疗管状骨骨折,而解剖型髓内钉将成为治疗首选;③解剖型髓内钉因其主钉结构更符合人体管状骨髓腔、远近端螺钉结合主钉的独特设计提供更强的把持力与抗旋转能力等为四肢管状骨的髓内固定提供了更优选择,减少了相关并发症的发生;④解剖型髓内钉在国外应用已较为成熟,而在中国应用较晚,如美国捷迈公司生成的ZNN解剖型髓内钉多应用于下肢管状骨骨折,在中国则刚引入到髋部骨折(转子间、转子下骨折)的治疗,较少用于胫骨干骨折的处理;⑤未来新一代的解剖型髓内钉将更高效地结合生物探测、信息传感等技术,实现材料科技化、智能化。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-0161 (张经) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-7921 (吕欣) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 骨折, 管状骨, 钉, 解剖型髓内钉, 尺骨, 桡骨, 肱骨

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tubular bone fractures of limbs are common in traumatic orthopedics, among which anatomic intramedullary nailing has been gradually applied in clinical treatment in recent years, and has achieved good curative effect.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application characteristics, advantages and development direction of anatomic intramedullary nailing in tubular bone fractures of limbs.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched for articles published from January 1900 to May 2020. The key words were “tubular bone, anatomic intramedullary nail, ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia, fibula” in Chinese and English. Totally 379 articles were initially examined, and 34 were finally included for review and analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The development history and application characteristics of anatomic intramedullary nailing in tubular bone of limbs were introduced in this paper, which was considered to have a broad clinical prospect. (2) Intramedullary nailing is gradually replacing external fixation in the treatment of tubular bone fracture, and anatomical intramedullary nailing will become the first choice of treatment. (3) Anatomic intramedullary nailing provides a better choice for intramedullary fixation of tubular bones of limbs and reduces the occurrence of related complications because its main nailing structure is more in line with the unique design of tubular bone marrow cavity of human body and the combination of distal and proximal screws with the main nailing to provide stronger holding force and anti-rotation ability. (4) The anatomic intramedullary nails have been applied in foreign countries and later in China. For example, the ZNN anatomic intramedullary nails produced by Zimmer Company in the United States are mostly used in the treatment of lower limb tubular bone fractures. In China, the anatomic intramedullary nails have just been introduced into the treatment of hip fractures (intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures) and are rarely used in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. (5) In the future, the new generation of anatomic intramedullary nails will combine biological detection, information sensing and other technologies more efficiently, so as to realize the technology and intelligence of materials.

Key words: bone, fracture, tubular bone, screw, anatomic intramedullary nail, ulna, radius, humerus

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