中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 1272-1279.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1965

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

多种特殊状态下关节软骨缺损修复的组织工程技术

陈劲松1,王中汉2,常  非2,刘  贺2   

  1. 1贵州省黔东南州人民医院骨二科,贵州省凯里市  556000;2吉林大学第二医院骨科医学中心,吉林省长春市  130041
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-26 修回日期:2019-04-02 接受日期:2019-05-08 出版日期:2020-03-18 发布日期:2020-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘贺,主治医师,吉林大学第二医院骨科医学中心,吉林省长春市 130041
  • 作者简介:陈劲松,男,贵州省凯里市人,侗族,2005年贵州医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨肿瘤、骨病、创伤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81171681,81701811);国家自然科学基金(81772456)

Tissue engineering methods for repair of articular cartilage defect under special conditions

Chen Jinsong1, Wang Zhonghan2, Chang Fei2, Liu He2   

  1. 1Second Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Qiandongnan People’s Hospital, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Orthopedic Medical Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2019-03-26 Revised:2019-04-02 Accepted:2019-05-08 Online:2020-03-18 Published:2020-01-23
  • Contact: Liu He, Attending physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Qiandongnan People's Hospital, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Chen Jinsong, Master, Associate chief physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Qiandongnan People's Hospital, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171681, 81701811, and 81772456 

摘要:

文题释义:
生长板:是位于儿童长骨末端的软骨组织结构,生长板中的软骨细胞可不断增生、成熟、肥大并发生骨化过程,使长骨增长。当长骨生长至一定程度,生长板软骨逐渐被成熟骨组织取代,长骨至此也停止生长。
特殊状态:文章提及的特殊状态即指关节软骨缺损的临床治疗中常见的阻碍因素,即全层软骨缺损及骨软骨缺损、生长板缺损、负重区软骨缺损、炎症状态下(骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎)的软骨缺损。

背景:应用组织工程学技术可获得良好的关节软骨再生,但多为生理状态下小面积缺损的单纯修复。然而临床上的软骨缺损常伴随骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等基础疾病,且缺损的位置、范围、深度均不确定,给软骨组织修复带来了很大挑战。

目的:总结不同位置和炎症状态下软骨缺损的修复方式。

方法:检索PubMed数据库和CNKI数据库,英文检索词为“cartilage defect regeneration,osteochondral,growth plate,weight-bearing area,inflammatory”,中文检索词为“关节软骨缺损,骨软骨,生长板,负重区,炎症”,检索建库至2019年3月发表的相关文献。共检索到相关文献209篇,按照纳入与排除标准,最终纳入86篇文献进行总结。

结果与结论:针对各种特殊状态下的关节软骨缺损,其修复目标和策略是不同的:全层软骨和骨软骨结构缺损多采用具有多层结构的支架,旨在修复软骨特有的分层结构及软骨下骨结构,同时避免新生软骨内异位骨化的问题;生长板缺损的修复关键在于避免长骨成熟后发生畸形,因此在修复支架内应添加胰岛素样生长因子、骨发生形态蛋白7等生长因子,以持续刺激生长板的修复并发挥骨生长的生理功能;负重区软骨修复则需要修复支架具有良好的力学性能,负重时不会发生严重形变及结构破坏,同时新生的软骨组织具有足够的力学强度以支撑持续的纵向压力和磨损;炎症状态下的软骨缺损则要同时治疗炎症与软骨缺损,间充质干细胞的引入可同时发挥免疫调节及组织再生功能,以使疾病达到彻底治疗的目标。

ORCID: 0000-0001-9443-8158(陈劲松)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 软骨缺损修复, 干细胞, 支架, 全层缺损, 骨软骨缺损, 生长板, 负重区, 骨性关节炎, 类风湿性关节炎

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Although desired cartilage repair has been realized via tissue engineering technology, these achievements mainly focus on small-size defect under a normal physical condition. However, cartilage defects are always accompanied by the underlying diseases in clinical practice, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Meanwhile, the location, scope, and depth of cartilage defects are uncertain, which brings a great challenge in cartilage tissue repair.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods of repairing articular cartilage defects at different locations and under inflammatory condition.

METHODS: We searched PubMed and CNKI with the search terms “cartilage defect regeneration, osteochondral, growth plate, weight-bearing area, inflammatory” in Chiense and English to retrieve related papers published before March 2019. A total of 209 papers were retrieved and 86 were included in the final analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For articular cartilage defects under different special conditions, the repair goals and strategies are different. For repair of full-layer cartilage defects and osteochondral structure defects, multi-layered scaffolds are often used to repair the unique stratified cartilage structure and subchondral bone structure, while avoiding the problem of heterotopic ossification in neonatal cartilage. To avoid deformity after long bone maturation, growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 7 should be added to continuously stimulate the repair of the growth plate and promote bone growth. For cartilage repair in the weight-bearing area, the scaffolds should have good mechanical property, which ensure not to undergo severe deformation and structural damage when loaded. In addition, the new cartilage tissue has sufficient mechanical strength to support sustained longitudinal pressure and wear. For cartilage defects in the inflammatory state, both inflammation management and cartilage defect repair should be considered, and introduction of mesenchymal stem cells can regulate immune function and promote tissue regeneration, such that articular cartilage defect can be completely repaired.

Key words: cartilage defect repair, stem cells, scaffold, full-layer defect, osteochondral defect, growth plate, weight-bearing area, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis

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