中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9): 1441-1447.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1582

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞源性外泌体治疗神经退行性疾病：应用中的问题及未来前景

陈 晨1，2，3，黄 辉1，2，3，胡文佳1，2，3，李祥勇1，2，3   

  1. 广东医科大学，1生物化学与分子生物学研究所，2抗肿瘤活性物质研发协同创新中心，广东省湛江市 524023；3广东省医学活性分子重点实验室，广东省湛江市 524023
  • 修回日期:2018-11-16 出版日期:2019-03-28 发布日期:2019-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 李祥勇，博士，副教授，广东医科大学，生物化学与分子生物学研究所，抗肿瘤活性物质研发协同创新中心，广东省湛江市 524023；广东省医学活性分子重点实验室，广东省湛江市 524023
  • 作者简介:陈晨，女，1996年生，安徽省合肥市人，汉族，广东医科大学在读硕士，主要从事多不饱和脂肪酸、微小RNA及干细胞来源外泌体与神经退行性疾病和肿瘤相关研究。
  • 基金资助:

    广东省科技创新战略专项资金(2018A030310155)，项目负责人：罗海清；广东省“扬帆计划”培养高层次人才项目(4YF17001G)，项目负责人：李祥勇；湛江市财政竞争项目(2016A01024)，项目负责人：罗海清

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: existing problems and prospects in application

Chen Chen1, 2, 3, Huang Hui1, 2, 3, Hu Wenjia1, 2, 3, Li Xiangyong1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Active Molecules, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
  • Revised:2018-11-16 Online:2019-03-28 Published:2019-03-28
  • Contact: Li Xiangyong, MD, Associate professor, 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Active Molecules, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Chen, Master candidate, 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Active Molecules, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy, No. 2018A030310155 (to LHQ); Guangdong Provincial “Sailing Plan” for High-Level Talents Training, No. 4YF17001G (to LXY); Zhanjiang Municipal Financial Competition Project, No. 2016A01024 (to LHQ)

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摘要：

文章快速阅读：

文题释义：
间充质干细胞源性外泌体：间充质干细胞通过旁分泌机制分泌的30-150 nm的微囊泡，能够借助所携带的蛋白质，microRNAs等生物活性物质拥有介导间充质干细胞的治疗效力，在多种疾病的治疗中发挥作用。
间充质干细胞源性外泌体治疗神经退行性疾病的研究机制：其广泛涉及炎症信号通路的调节、血管生成的刺激与重构、抗神经元凋亡、促内皮细胞增殖及免疫调节等诸多方面，预示着其在治疗神经退行性疾病中具有广泛的前景。

 

摘要
背景：外泌体是人体内多种细胞均可分泌的纳米微囊泡，主要通过转运蛋白质、脂质、微小RNA等信号分子参与多种信号通路，进行细胞间信息传递、免疫应答、抗原呈递等，故其在临床相关疾病的诊断和治疗方面具有重要的价值。目前认为间充质干细胞是分泌外泌体能力最强的细胞且与神经退行性疾病的发生发展密切相关。
目的：综述了间充质干细胞源性外泌体的起源及生物学特性、提取与鉴定方法及其在神经退行性疾病治疗中的应用进展。
方法：在PubMed和中国知网数据库进行相关文献检索，关键词为“间充质干细胞，外泌体，间充质干细胞源性外泌体，神经退行性疾病”和“mesenchymal stem cells；exosomes；MSC-exosomes；Neurodegenerative diseases”。
结果与结论：纳入61篇文献进行综述。间充质干细胞源性外泌体具有低免疫原性和长循环半衰期以及可携带小分子物质穿过血脑屏障等特点，能促进神经细胞生长和神经元分化等，有助于改善受损的神经系统功能和增强血管神经发生，成为治疗神经退行性疾病的新兴治疗手段。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-5954-4139(李祥勇)

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 间充质干细胞源性外泌体, 神经退行性疾病, 分泌因子, 炎症信号通路, 血脑屏障, 干细胞

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are nano-scale vesicles that can be secreted by almost all types of cells in the body, which can participate in multiple cell signaling pathways by transporting signal molecules, such as proteins, lipids and miRNAs to perform intercellular communication, immune responses, and antigen presentation. Therefore, exosomes have a great value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Of the cell types known to produce exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells are currently the most prolific producer closely related to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the origin and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, the isolation and identification methods of exosomes, and the progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 
METHODS: The literature search was performed in PubMed and CNKI databases, and the keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells; exosomes; MSC-exosomes; neurodegenerative diseases” in Chinese and English, respectively. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 61 eligible literatures were enrolled. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have low immunogenicity and long-circulating half-life and can carry small molecular substances across the blood-brain barrier, which can promote nerve cell growth and neuronal differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes help damaged nervous system function and enhance vascular neurogenesis, which is becoming an emerging treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

Key words: Exosomes, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tissue Engineering

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