中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 140-145.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0424

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体在间充质干细胞治疗骨性关节炎中的作用:新策略与新思路

罗 欣,余丽梅   

  1. 遵义医学院附属医院贵州省细胞工程重点实验室,贵州省骨髓与羊膜干细胞基础与临床研究科技创新团队,贵州省细胞工程中心,遵义市干细胞与再生医学工程研究中心,贵州省遵义市 563003
  • 修回日期:2017-06-16 出版日期:2018-01-08 发布日期:2018-01-08
  • 通讯作者: 余丽梅,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事干细胞与再生医学研究。遵义医学院附属医院贵州省细胞工程重点实验室,贵州省骨髓与羊膜干细胞基础与临床研究科技创新团队,贵州省细胞工程中心,遵义市干细胞与再生医学工程研究中心,贵州省遵义市 563003
  • 作者简介:罗欣,男,1990年生,湖南省张家界市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事干细胞与再生医学研究,骨关节再生医学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81260507);遵义市科技计划项目[遵市科合(2016)6号]

Exosomes: a new strategy for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of osteoarthritis

Luo Xin, Yu Li-mei   

  1. Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Basic and Clinical Innovation Team of Bone Marrow and Amniotic Stem Cells, Cell Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells and Regeneration of Zunyi City, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Revised:2017-06-16 Online:2018-01-08 Published:2018-01-08
  • Contact: Yu Li-mei, M.D., Professor, Master’s supervisor, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Basic and Clinical Innovation Team of Bone Marrow and Amniotic Stem Cells, Cell Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells and Regeneration of Zunyi City, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Luo Xin, Master, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Basic and Clinical Innovation Team of Bone Marrow and Amniotic Stem Cells, Cell Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells and Regeneration of Zunyi City, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81260507; Science and Technology Support Project in Zunyi, No. Zunshikehe (2016)6.

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
外泌体:
囊泡在转运过程中,依据转运位置的不同可分为早期内涵体、晚期内涵体和循环内涵体,其中晚期内涵体可形成多泡体,进一步分泌一类直径为40-100 nm的膜性囊泡,即外泌体。外泌体主要通过两种方式发挥功能,即受体依赖性调控机制直接作用于靶细胞,或膜转运方式,转运膜受体、功能性蛋白质、mRNA和miRNA等活性物质发挥作用。
外泌体促进损伤组织再生的作用机制:在生理与病理性细胞外微环境中,外泌体不仅可以保护生物活性物质不被降解和稀释,还可以协调这些物质在组织液或血液中的远距离运输。越来越多的研究表明,间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体是干细胞发挥治疗作用的主要分子机制之一,它可广泛参与细胞间信号转导,特异性作用于靶细胞,调节微环境和炎症免疫,促进损伤组织再生。

 

摘要
背景:
尽管间充质干细胞及其释放的外泌体有望成为治愈骨性关节炎的新措施,但具体的分子机制尚不清楚。
目的:在理解骨性关节炎发病主要机制和间充质干细胞重要特点的基础上,了解外泌体在间充质干细胞治疗骨性关节炎中的作用与机制。
方法:查阅2006至2016年期间,国内外有关骨性关节炎与外泌体、间充质干细胞来源外泌体与骨性关节炎的文献。检索词分别为“外泌体,间充质干细胞,骨性关节炎”和“exosomes,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoarthritis”。最后选择38篇文献纳入结果分析。
结果与结论:骨性关节炎是一类与年龄、劳损等相关的难治性疾病,采用间充质干细胞治疗已取得良好疗效。间充质干细胞的成软骨分化、微环境改善、旁分泌及外泌体作用等机制已被不断报道。外泌体可通过转运不同的生物活性蛋白质、脂质、核酸等分子介导细胞间信号转导和生物应答,与骨性关节炎发病机制有关,也涉及间充质干细胞所引起的骨关节组织再生修复。间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体可以通过改变膜交换和转运活性分子来促进骨关节组织再生,为确定骨性关节炎治疗新策略提供了新思路。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
ORCID:
0000-0003-4853-3650(罗欣)

关键词: 干细胞, 骨性关节炎, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 核糖核酸, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs-released exosomes are expected to become a new means for osteoarthritis, the concrete molecular mechanisms remain unclear yet.
OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect and mechanism of exosomes in the MSC treatment of osteoarthritis based on the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and characteristics of MSCs.
METHODS: Domestic and foreign articles concerning MSCs and MSCs-released exosomes for the osteoarthritis treatment published from 2006 to 2016 were retrieved and analyzed. The keywords used were “exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis” in Chinese and English, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoarthritis is a refractory disease associated with age and strain, and MSCs therapy has been obtained a good effect. Cartilage differentiation, microenvironment improvement, paracrine and exosomes mechanism of MSCs have also been reported. Exosomes play an important role in mediating intercellular signal transduction and biological responses by transferring a variety of biologically active proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other molecules. The changes are not only related to the osteoarthritis pathogenesis, but also involved in MSCs induced regeneration and repair of bone and joint tissues. Exosomes secreted by MSCs can improve bone and joint tissue regeneration through membrane exchange and transport of active molecules. This will provide a new insight into the osteoarthritis treatment.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

Key words: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteoarthritis, Exosomes, Tissue Engineering

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