中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (27): 4410-4416.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0359

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

关节置换后的脂肪栓塞

李腾奇1,孙 伟1,王云亭2   

  1. 1北京大学中日友好临床医学院骨关节外科,北京市 100029;2西藏自治区卫计委,西藏自治区拉萨市 850000
  • 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 孙伟,主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,博士生导师,北京大学中日友好临床医学院骨关节外科,北京市 100029
  • 作者简介:李腾奇,男,1989年生,河南省焦作市人,汉族,北京大学医学部在读博士,主要从事股骨头坏死、关节置换方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81372013,81672236)

Fat embolism after arthroplasty

Li Teng-qi1, Sun Wei1, Wang Yun-ting2   

  1. 1Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China; 2Health and Family Planning of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-09-28
  • Contact: Sun Wei, Chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China
  • About author:Li Teng-qi, Doctoral candidate, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81372013 and 81672236

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
脂肪栓塞综合征:首先要区分脂肪栓塞和脂肪栓塞综合征。这是两个不同的概念,脂肪栓塞是指在循环系统或肺实质中出现循环的脂滴。脂肪栓塞综合征是脂肪栓塞的临床表现,涉及一系列复杂的止血过程的改变,通常表现为呼吸困难、精神障碍及皮肤瘀点、瘀斑。

双能量CT:由于不同物质对于不同能量的X射线有不同的、特异性的吸收系数。当物质的比例未知时,可以分别利用两种不同能量的X射线对物体进行成像,通过类似解线性方程的方法得到物质的构成比例。这是双能CT相比传统单能CT相比最大的优势所在。CT成像的基本原理是X射线光子束通过人体时的衰减。双能CT对两种不同物质的区分能力,一方面取决于两种物质本身原子序数的差别,另一方面取决于“双能”的两种能谱本身的重叠程度。理论上两种能量的峰值相差越远,重叠成分越少,物质区分能力就越强,哪怕原子序数相对接近的两种物质也能够被区分出来。
 
摘要
背景:关于关节置换后脂肪栓塞病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预防,国内外学者提出了各种学说,进行了大量实验,但其具体诊疗过程仍无标准及指南。
目的:就脂肪栓塞诊疗流程研究进展作一综述,以期为研究脂肪栓塞的学者提供线索。
方法:以“fat embolism, fat embolism syndrome, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, joint replacement”为检索词在PubMed数据库检索2010至2017年的文献,最终纳入38篇文献进行回顾性分析。
结果与结论:①脂滴是由多种因素共同作用所形成,当其出现于在循环系统会引起脂肪栓塞综合征,脂肪栓塞综合征发病机制尚未确定,目前较为认可的是机械机制与生化机制,其临床表现无特异性,从无症状至短时间猝死,差异较大,诊断困难,暂无统一诊断标准;②物理学检查中X射线、CT、超声心动及MRI各有优势。治疗主要为抗炎、抗凝、溶栓、强心等支持性治疗;③鉴于此,关键在于预防,髓腔减压、冲洗及激素应用等可能是其最新方向。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-8911-6752(李腾奇)

关键词: 栓子, 脂滴, 脂肪栓塞, 脂肪栓塞综合征, 关节置换, 全髋关节置换术, 全膝关节置换术, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: For the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of fat embolism after arthroplasty, scholars have put forward various theories and performed a large number of experiments. However, there is still no criteria and guidance about its diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism, thus providing clues for the studies on fat embolism.
METHODS:PubMed database was retrieved for the literature published from 2010 to 2017 with the keywords of “fat embolism, fat embolism syndrome, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, joint replacement”. Finally, 38 eligible articles were included for retrospective analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lipid droplet formation is caused by a variety of factors, and when it appears in circulatory system, fat embolism syndrome occurs. The pathogenesis still remains unclear; and mechanical theory and chemical theories are acceptable. The manifestations of fat embolism syndrome are non-specific, from asymptomatic to sudden death, which makes its diagnosis difficult and there are no unified diagnostic criteria. (2) Physical examinations such as X-ray, CT, ultrasound, and MRI have their own merits. Until now the treatments are mainly anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, thrombolysis cardiotonic and other supportive treatments. (3) Given this, prevention is critical, and intramedullary depressurization, intramedullary canal irrigation and glucocorticoid may be the newest direction.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Embolism, Fat, Arthroplasty} Replacement, Tissue Engineering

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