中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (27): 4282-4287.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0340

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

氨甲环酸及引流管在全膝关节置换过程中的合理应用

张立清1,魏开斌2,朱本珂1,王 强2,李纯璞3   

  1. 1山东省泰安荣军医院,山东省泰安市 271000;泰安市中心医院,2关节外科,3创伤手足外科,山东省泰安市 271000
  • 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 魏开斌,博士,主任医师,泰安市中心医院关节外科,山东省泰安市 271000
  • 作者简介:张立清,男,1981年生,山东省泰安市人,汉族,泰山医学院毕业,硕士,主治医师,从事骨科临床及相关研究。

Rational application of tranexamic acid and drainage tube in total knee arthroplasty

Zhang Li-qing1, Wei Kai-bin2, Zhu Ben-ke1, Wang Qiang2, Li Chun-pu3   

  1. 1Shandong Taian Disabled Soldiers’ Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Joint Surgery, 3Department of Traumatic Hand and Foot Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-09-28
  • Contact: Wei Kai-bin, M.D., Chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Li-qing, Master, Attending physician, Shandong Taian Disabled Soldiers’ Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
氨甲环酸:是一种纤维蛋白溶解抑制药,可有效抑制纤溶亢进,止血效果显著,已广泛应用于临床。目前其在全膝关节置换中的应用也取得了较好的效果,但应用方式不尽相同。
全膝关节置换:是按照正常的膝关节解剖切除已经磨损破坏并且无法自我修复的膝关节面,由人工关节部件代替病损部位,纠正关节力线,恢复膝关节功能,是治疗晚期膝关节病变的有效方法。
 
摘要
背景:全膝关节置换后失血量大是当前临床工作中面临的重要问题,氨甲环酸可采用多种给药方式减少术后失血,大多在术后放置引流管,而局部应用氨甲环酸术后不放置引流管的方式尚未有明确的评估。
目的:观察局部应用氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换后失血量的影响,并探讨引流管的合理应用方式。
方法:将90例单侧全膝关节置换患者随机分为3组,A组生理盐水50 mL关节腔注射,术后放置引流管,并夹闭4 h;B组氨甲环酸1.6 g溶于生理盐水50 mL后关节腔注射,术后放置引流管,并夹闭4 h;C组氨甲环酸 1.6 g溶于生理盐水50 mL后关节腔注射,术后不放置引流管。记录置换术中出血量,置换后2 d内每天记录血红蛋白、引流量、输血量及输血例数,并计算总失血量与隐性失血量,统计置换后7 d下肢深静脉血栓形成例数。对3组所有患者进行定期随访。
结果与结论:①3组患者置换前资料、置换术中出血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②术后总失血量、输血例数,B、C组明显少于A组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),B、C 组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③B组引流量明显少于A组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④3组间隐性失血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤3组患者均无深静脉血栓形成;⑥结果提示,局部应用氨甲环酸能明显减少全膝关节置换后引流量和总失血量,降低输血率,但对减少隐性失血量效果不明显,且不增加术后深静脉血栓形成的概率;局部应用氨甲环酸术后可以不放置引流管,方法简单、安全、有效。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-8294-618X(张立清)

关键词: 植入物, 人工假体, 全膝关节置换, 氨甲环酸, 局部应用, 引流管, 失血量, 深静脉血栓

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Currently, large amount of blood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an issue of concern in clinic, and tranexamic acid administrated by various ways is used to reduce postoperative blood loss. Drainage tubes are commonly placed postoperatively; however, there are no confirmed assessments on the local application of tranexamic acid without drainage tube placement.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of topical application of tranexamic acid on the blood loss after TKA, and to explore the reasonable application method of drainage tube.
METHODS: Ninety patients with unilateral TKA were randomly divided into three groups. The patients in group A received the intraarticular injection normal saline (50 mL), drainage tube was placed postoperatively, and closed for 4 hours; group B: the mixture of 50 mL of normal saline and 1.6 g of tranexamic acid was injected into the articular cavity, drainage tube was placed and closed for 4 hours; group C: the mixture of 50 mL of normal saline and 1.6 g tranexamic acid was injected into the articular cavity without drainage tube placed. The intraoperative blood loss was recorded. In the first two days postoperatively, the hemoglobin, drainage volume, blood transfusion volume and the number of blood transfusion were recorded daily. The total blood loss and hidden blood loss were calculated. The number of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity was recorded at 7 days postoperatively. All patients were followed up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The baseline data and intraoperative blood loss showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). (2) The postoperative total blood loss and the number blood transfusion in the groups B and C were significantly less than those in the group A (P < 0.05), while the differences between groups B and C had no significance (P > 0.05). (3) The drainage volume in the group B was significantly less than that in the group A (P < 0.05). (4) The hidden blood loss did not differ significantly among groups (P > 0.05). (5) None of deep venous thrombosis was observed. (6) These results suggest that topical application of tranexamic acid after TKA can significantly reduce the drainage volume and total blood loss, and can decrease the rate of blood transfusion, but cannot significantly reduce the hidden blood loss, nor will it increase the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. With topical application of tranexamic acid, the drainage tube placement is not needed, so the method is simple, safe and effective.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words:  Arthroplasty, eplacement, nee, ranexamic Acid, lood Loss, urgical, Venous Thrombosis

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