中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (23): 3716-3722.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0287

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换围手术期的镇痛:措施与对策

窦 哲,杨 云,黄 健   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院关节外科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010030
  • 出版日期:2018-08-18 发布日期:2018-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 黄健,博士,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院关节外科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010030
  • 作者简介:窦哲,男,1992年生,内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市人,汉族,内蒙古医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事关节外科方面研究。 并列第一作者:杨云,男,1980年生,内蒙古自治区包头市人,汉族,2013年内蒙古医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事关节外科方向研究。

Perioperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: measures and countermeasures

Dou Zhe, Yang Yun, Huang Jian   

  1. Department of Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2018-08-18 Published:2018-08-18
  • Contact: Huang Jian, M.D., Chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Dou Zhe, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Yang Yun, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Dou Zhe and Yang Yun contributed equally to this paper.

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


 文题释义:
收肌管阻滞:是近年来应用于全膝关节置换后镇痛的新方法,主要阻滞感觉神经,收肌管在大腿中下1/3,从股三角顶端远端到内收肌裂孔远侧,内有股神经最大的皮支一隐神经走形。通过收肌管的运动神经仅有支配股内收肌的闭孔神经后支,闭孔神经后支汇入收肌管远端,支配的最远肌肉是大收肌上部。由于收肌管总是围绕着隐神经,因此在该间隙行阻滞既可减少股神经主要运动神经分支阻滞又可提供有效的镇痛。

快速康复外科:指采用一系列经循证医学证实有效的围手术期优化措施来减少患者外科应激并加快术后康复。快速康复外科利用现有手段对围手术期各种常规治疗措施加以改良、优化和组合,旨在减少外科应激,维持患者内环境稳定,加快术后康复,缩短住院时间。
 
摘要
背景:全膝关节置换术已成为全世界治疗终末期膝关节疾病最有效、最理想的方法。但是全膝关节置换创伤大,置换后常伴有剧烈的疼痛,以往资料表明,全膝关节置换后60%的患者感到严重疼痛,30%感到中等程度疼痛。疼痛的产生是一个多环节、多因素参与的极其复杂的过程,如何减少置换后疼痛并迅速恢复关节功能成为近年的研究热点。
目的:对近年人工膝关节置换围手术期镇痛的研究进展以及发展趋势进行综述。
方法:检索万方数据库、中国知网数据库及PubMed数据库中1990年1月至2017年12月的膝关节置换镇痛相关文献。中文检索词为:“膝关节置换,膝关节,镇痛,多模式镇痛,超前镇痛,快速康复,自控镇痛,COX-2抑制剂,股神经阻滞,收肌管阻滞,关节周围注射,冷疗”;英文检索词为“knee arthroplasty, analgesia,knee joint,fast track,multimode analgesia,patient controlled analgesia,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,peripheral nerve block,periarticular injection,cold therapy”。共检索到文献2 306篇,经过阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,最终纳入59篇符合纳入排除标准的文献。
结果与结论:①全膝关节置换后疼痛的病理生理学机制非常复杂,是由多种因素、不同环节所引起;②人工全膝关节置换围手术期镇痛理念包括快速康复、多模式镇痛和超前镇痛,已逐步在临床上开展实施;③全膝关节置换围手术期镇痛方法有患者自控镇痛、非类固醇类抗炎药、区域神经阻滞镇痛、关节周围软组织注射镇痛和冷敷疗法等,这些镇痛方法都存在着各自的优缺点;④目前多模式镇痛方案已被多数临床医生认可,但是最佳的疼痛管理方案仍然存有争议。此外,关于镇痛方式的选择,应根据患者个体特征以及现有技术手段进行综合考量。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-2653-9867(窦哲)

关键词: 膝关节置换, 镇痛, 快速康复外科, 多模式镇痛, 超前镇痛, 患者自控镇痛, 选择性环氧化酶2抑制剂, 股神经阻滞, 收肌管阻滞, “鸡尾酒”疗法, 冷敷疗法

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty has already become the most effective and ideal method for the treatment of end-stage knee disease worldwide. However, total knee arthroplasty is very traumatic and often accompanied by severe pain. The previous data indicate that 60% patients after total knee arthroplasty feel severe pain, and 30% patients feel moderate pain. The emergence of pain is a very complicated process with many factors involved. How to reduce postoperative pain and quickly restore joint function has become a hot research topic in recent years.

OBJECTIVE: To review research progress and development trend of perioperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: We retrieved the related literatures about the analgesia of knee arthroplasty from January 1990 to December 2017 in WanFang database, CNKI database and PubMed database by using the key words of “knee arthroplasty, knee joint, analgesia, multimode analgesia, preemptive analgesia, fast recovery, patient controlled analgesia, COX-2 inhibitor, femoral nerve block, adductor canal block, periarticular injection, cold therapy” in Chinese, and “knee arthroplasty, analgesia, knee joint, fast track, multimode analgesia, patient controlled analgesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, peripheral nerve block, periarticular injection, cold therapy” in English. Totally 2 306 articles were retrieved. After screening, finally 59 articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The pathophysiological mechanism of pain after total knee arthroplasty is very complex and is caused by multiple factors and links. (2) There are many clinical analgesic ideas for total knee arthroplasty, including fast recovery, multimodal analgesia and preemptive analgesia, and these ideas have been gradually implemented in clinical practice. (3) There are many clinical analgesic methods for total knee arthroplasty, including patient-controlled analgesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs analgesia, peripheral nerve block analgesia, periarticular multimodal drug injection and cold therapy. These analgesic methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. (4) At present, multi-mode analgesia has been approved by most clinicians, but the best pain management program is still controversial. Regarding the choice of the analgesic method, we should weigh the pros and cons, and take the individual characteristics of patients and the existing technical methods into consideration.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Perioperative Care, Analgesia, Review, Tissue Engineering

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