中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (21): 3300-3304.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3857

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换后冠状位股骨-胫骨机械轴偏移与早期关节功能恢复的关系

米尔阿里木•木尔提扎,艾尼瓦尔江•达毛拉,蔺海山,王  利   

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心关节老年病区,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830001
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-05 修回日期:2020-08-11 接受日期:2020-09-11 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 王利,硕士,主任医师,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心关节老年病区,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830001
  • 作者简介:米尔阿里木•木尔提扎,男,1988年生,新疆维吾尔自治区喀什市人,维吾尔族,2015年新疆医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节外科与老年骨病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新礓维吾尔自治区人民医院院内课题项目(20190406),项目名称:下肢负重全长拼接X片中肢体旋转误差对评估TKA术后下肢力线的影响研究,项目负责人:米尔阿里木•木尔提扎

Relationship between tibio-femoral mechanical axis deviation on coronal plane and early joint function recovery after total knee arthroplasty

Mieralimu•Muertizha, Ainiwaerjiang•Damaola, Lin Haishan, Wang Li    

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2020-08-05 Revised:2020-08-11 Accepted:2020-09-11 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-01-23
  • Contact: Wang Li, Master, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Mieralimu•Muertizha, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 20190406 (to MM)

摘要:

文题释义:
人工膝关节置换:被共认为对长期保守治疗失效的终晚期膝关节病最有效的诊疗手段,根据人体膝关节解剖及功能,通过外科技术将人工关节植入人体内,减少患者膝关节疼痛,改善长期功能。
下肢力线:为股骨机械轴与胫骨机械轴的夹角,被视为影响全膝关节置换后临床疗效和假体失败率的重要因素,但有关最佳下肢力线的争议较多。下肢对位不良将会导致关节不稳、假体松动、聚乙烯衬垫加速磨等并发症,这也是导致全膝关节置换失败的主要原因。

背景:人工全膝关节置换是终晚期膝关节病最有效的诊疗手段,但术后下肢冠状位力线偏移中立位程度对临床预后的影响目前存在较大争议。
目的:探讨人工全膝关节置换术后冠状位上股骨-胫骨机械轴偏移中立位程度对患者关节功能及临床预后的影响。
方法:纳入2015年1月至2017年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的原发性膝骨关节炎患者60例,年龄(66.8±5.0)岁,均接受单侧人工膝关节置换治疗,术后随访拍摄下肢全长拼接片,测量股骨-胫骨机械轴。根据末次随访股骨-胫骨机械轴将患者分为中立位组(0°≤夹角≤3°,n=25)、轻度偏移组(夹角3°-6°,n=21)、重度偏移组(夹角> 6°,n=14)。同时比较末次随访时3组间的牛津膝关节功能评分OKS、目测类比评分与SF-12健康调查问卷评分。试验获得且得到医院伦理委员会批准。
结果与结论:①3组患者随访过程中均未出现切口愈合问题、深静脉血栓、假体周围感染、假体松动等并发症;②术后末次随访时,3组间OKS评分、目测类比评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),重度偏移组SF-12健康调查问卷评分低于其他两组(P < 0.05);③结果表明,当人工全膝关节置换术后股骨-胫骨机械轴偏离下肢力线中心3°-6°时,对患者术后功能及生活质量无明显影响;当偏离下肢力线中心6°以上时,对患者术后生活质量可能有相应的影响。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-7259 (米尔阿里木•木尔提扎) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 假体, 骨性关节炎, 人工膝关节置换, 胫股机械轴, 下肢力线

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty is the most effective treatment method for the end-stage knee diseases. However, the influence of the neutral alignment of lower limb on coronal plane on the clinical outcomes after surgery is still controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tibio-femoral mechanical axis deviation degree on coronal plane on the joint function and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. 
METHODS: Sixty patients with primary knee osteoarthritis aged (66.8±5.0) years from the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2015 to December 2017 who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. At the last follow-up, full-length radiographs were taken and tibio-femoral mechanical axis values were measured. The patients were divided into three groups: neutral position group (0° ≤ included angle ≤ 3°, n=25), mild deviation group (3°-6°, n=21), and severe deviation group (included angle > 6°, n=14) according to the tibio-femoral mechanical axis during the last follow-up. OKS, visual analogue scale score, and SF-12 health questionnaire scores were also compared among the three groups at the last follow-up. The trial was approved by the hospital ethics committee. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no incision healing problems, deep vein thrombosis, periprosthesis infection, prosthesis loosening, or other complications during the follow-up in the three groups. (2) There was no significant difference in OKS and visual analogue scale scores among the three groups (P > 0.05). The SF-12 health questionnaire scores of severe deviation group were lower than those of the other two groups (P < 0.05). (3) The results showed that when the tibio-femoral mechanical axis deviated from the center of the line of lower limbs by 3°-6° after total knee arthroplasty, there was no significant influence on the postoperative function and quality of life of the patients. Deviation from the center of the line of lower limbs by more than 6° may have a corresponding impact on the postoperative clinical outcomes of patients.   

Key words: bone, prosthesis, osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, tibio-femoral mechanical axis, lower limb force line

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