中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 1661-1664.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.09.033

• 骨与关节综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工膝关节围假体置换期的临床内容：应用与问题

张文庆，万春英，余屯德   

  1. 南昌市第二医院骨科，江西省南昌市  330003
  • 出版日期:2010-02-26 发布日期:2010-02-26
  • 作者简介:张文庆，男，1969年生，江西省南昌市人，汉族，2001年南昌大学毕业，主治医师，主要从事骨科研究。 ZWQ200888OK@163.com

Clinical contents of artificial knee prosthetic replacement: Application and problems

Zhang Wen-qing, Wan Chun-ying, Yu Tun-de   

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang Second Hospital, Nanchang   330003, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Online:2010-02-26 Published:2010-02-26
  • About author:Zhang Wen-qing, Attending physician, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang Second Hospital, Nanchang 330003, Jiangxi Province, China

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摘要：

背景：膝关节骨性关节炎和类风湿性关节炎是膝关节最常见的关节炎，在关节炎晚期，出现严重关节畸形和活动障碍，就需要进行全膝关节置换治疗，全膝关节置换术不仅能明显减轻症状，还能矫正畸形和改善关节功能。
目的：对膝关节假体的分类、膝关节置换手术技巧及其置换后并发症等方面进行归纳总结。
方法：应用计算机检索维普数据库(http://www.cqvip.com/)，在标题和摘要中以“膝关节置换，假体，并发症”为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与膝关节假体临床应用有关的文献，同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。根据纳入标准选择20篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论：不同患者应根据病情、关节限制程度、固定方式和半月板功能来选择不同的人工膝关节。不同膝关节假体的适应证应由膝关节的骨和软组织条件决定、膝关节韧带的质量和状态、关节畸形以及关节软骨破坏的程度决定假体的选择。下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞、假体周围感染、假体松动等为关节置换的常见并发症。

关键词: 膝关节置换, 人工假体, 并发症, 医学植入体, 综述文献

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are common arthritis in the knee. In late stage of arthritis, severe deformation and activity obstacle are found, which require total knee replacement. The total knee replacement not only can significantly relieve symptom, but also correct deformation and improve joint function.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize classification of knee joint, techniques of knee replacement surgery and complications following replacement.
METHODS: We retrieved Vip Database (http://www.cqvip.com) for titles and abstracts with the key words of “knee replacement, prosthesis, complication”. Articles concerning clinical application of knee prosthesis were included. Articles in the same field that published recently or in authorized journals were included. A total of 20 literatures were included for review according to inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Various artificial total knee prostheses were used in different patients in accordance with patients’ condition, joint limitation degree, fixation method and meniscus function. Indication of different knee prostheses depends on bone and soft tissue of the knee, and quality and status of knee ligament, joint deformation and destruction degree of articular cartilage are responsible for the choice of prosthesis. Thrombosis of deep veins of the lower limb, pulmonary embolism, infection surrounding the prosthesis and prosthesis loose are common complications in joint replacement.

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