中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5349-5360.doi: 10.12307/2026.146

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    

水凝胶在眼科疾病中的应用与发展趋势

刘淑婷,邱沐恩,李  卫   

  1. 北京体育大学体能训练学院,北京市   100084
  • 接受日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2025-12-03
  • 通讯作者: 李卫,教授,北京体育大学体能训练学院,北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:刘淑婷,女,2001年生,天津市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动训练理论与实践方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家蹦床队体能保障服务,国家体育总局服务项目(BUS20240236),项目负责人:李卫

Application and development trend of hydrogels in ophthalmic diseases

Liu Shuting, Qiu Muen, Li Wei   

  1. School of Physical Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Accepted:2025-05-26 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-12-03
  • Contact: Li Wei, Professor, School of Physical Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Liu Shuting, MS, School of Physical Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Supported by:
    National Trampoline Team Physical Fitness Support Service, State Sports General Administration Service Project, No. BUS20240236 (to LW)

摘要:

文题释义:
眼表:包括角膜、结膜和泪腺、副泪腺、睑板腺和相关的结构。
眼底:指眼球后段的底部,包括视网膜、脉络膜、视神经头、黄斑、视网膜中央动脉和静脉等。

背景:水凝胶凭借良好的组织相容性以及可调控的理化特性和光响应行为,在角膜再生、玻璃体替代、晶状体修复及视网膜再生等组织工程领域显示出广泛应用前景。
目的:梳理水凝胶在眼科疾病治疗中的主要研究进展,涵盖材料类型及其在组织修复、药物递送与3D打印应用方面的情况,同时探讨当前存在的问题与未来发展趋势。
方法:以“Hydrogel,Ophthalmology,Tissue engineering,Drug transport,3D printing”为英文检索词,以“水凝胶,眼科,组织工程,药物运输,3D打印”为中文检索词,检索PubMed数据库、中国知网建库至2025年2月发表的相关文献,根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入145篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:水凝胶在角膜损伤修复、玻璃体替代材料及眼底药物缓释等方面取得了初步成果。已有研究指出,通过调节光照条件可实现材料交联度与力学性能的动态调控,从而满足眼部不同部位的治疗要求。在3D打印等技术辅助下,水凝胶的个性化应用能力也进一步增强。部分动物实验结果显示水凝胶在组织修复与药效释放方面具有良好前景,然而目前大多数数据仍来源于鼠类或兔类模型,尚缺乏与人类生理更接近的高阶动物研究;此外,现有成果在临床转化路径中还未与实际需求实现有效对接。总体来看,水凝胶作为眼科组织工程和递药平台具备应用潜力,但临床转化过程仍需解决材料改良、实验模型可靠性和成果落地等关键问题。未来若能通过配方优化、建立更合适的研究模型,并加强学科间的协同,将有望加速水凝胶在眼科精准治疗中的实际应用。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7191-9465 (刘淑婷) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 水凝胶, 眼科, 组织工程, 药物运输, 3D打印, 角膜损伤修复, 玻璃体替代材料, 眼底药物缓释

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrogel materials, with their good histocompatibility as well as tunable physicochemical properties and photoresponsive behaviors, have shown potential for application in several medical technology fields such as corneal regeneration, vitreous replacement, lens repair, and retinal regeneration. 
OBJECTIVE: To sort out the main research progress of hydrogels in ophthalmic disease treatment, covering the material types and their applications in tissue repair, drug delivery and 3D printing, as well as to discuss the current problems and future development trends. 
METHODS: Using "hydrogel, ophthalmology, tissue engineering, drug transport, 3D printing" as English and Chinese search terms, we searched the PubMed database and CNKI database for the relevant literature published from the establishment to February 2025. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 145 articles were finally included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hydrogels have achieved preliminary results in corneal damage repair, vitreous replacement materials and slow release of fundus drugs. It has been pointed out that the dynamic regulation of the crosslinking degree and mechanical properties of the material can be achieved by adjusting the light conditions, so as to meet the therapeutic requirements of different parts of the eye. With the assistance of three-dimensional printing and other technologies, the personalized application of hydrogel has also been further enhanced. Some animal experiments show that it has good prospects in tissue repair and drug release. However, most of the current data are still derived from murine or rabbit models, and there is a lack of higher-order animal studies that are closer to human physiology. In addition, the existing results have not yet been effectively aligned with actual needs in the clinical translation pathway. Overall, hydrogels have the potential to be used as a platform for ophthalmic tissue engineering and drug delivery, but the clinical translation process still needs to address key issues such as material improvement, reliability of experimental models, and landing of results. In the future, if we can optimize the formulation, establish a more suitable research model, and strengthen the synergy between disciplines, it is expected to accelerate the practical application of hydrogel in ophthalmic precision therapy.

Key words: hydrogel, ophthalmology, tissue engineering, drug transport, 3D printing, corneal injury repair, vitreous replacement material, fundus drug sustained release

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