中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (27): 4421-4428.doi: 10.12307/2024.577

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉训练:提高关节稳定性及运动平衡能力

叶云天1,2,陈继鑫1,2,刘爱峰1,2   

  1. 1天津中医药大学第一附属医院骨伤科,天津市  300381;2国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津市  300381
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-28 接受日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2024-09-28 发布日期:2024-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘爱峰,博士生导师,主任医师,天津中医药大学第一附属医院骨伤科,天津市 300381;国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心,天津市300381
  • 作者简介:叶云天,男,1997年生,天津市人,汉族,天津中医药大学第一附属医院在读硕士,主要从事骨科生物工程、康复等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81873316),项目负责人:刘爱峰;中华中医药学会骨病防治交叉研究项目(2023-GBJC-04),项目负责人:刘爱峰;天津市卫健委津门医学英才项目(TJSJMYXYC-D2-028),项目负责人:刘爱峰

Proprioceptive training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: improving joint stability and motor balance ability

Ye Yuntian1, 2, Chen Jixin1, 2, Liu Aifeng1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Received:2023-10-28 Accepted:2023-12-14 Online:2024-09-28 Published:2024-01-29
  • Contact: Liu Aifeng, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Tianjin 300381, China
  • About author:Ye Yuntian, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81873316 (to LAF); Interdisciplinary Research Project on Prevention and Treatment of Orthopedic Diseases of Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2023-GBJC-04 (to LAF); Jinmen Medical Excellence Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Commission, No. TJSJMYXYC-D2-028 (to LAF)

摘要:


文题释义:

前交叉韧带断裂:前交叉韧带可以限制胫骨的前移和内旋,与膝关节内其他结构共同维持膝关节的稳定性,是维持膝关节稳定的重要结构。前交叉韧带断裂常发生于机体处于运动状态时,如减速或跳跃。前交叉韧带损伤后,会造成膝关节机械稳定性和动态稳定能力下降。
本体感觉训练:本体感觉包括位置觉、运动觉和振动觉,其可以感知躯体对速度、距离和空间位置等感觉,影响着膝关节的稳定及运动能力。本体感觉训练通过平衡训练、神经肌肉训练、体感刺激训练和体感辨别训练,可优化膝关节周围本体感受器、激活脊髓反射刺激、提升大脑运动控制强化以及强化认知处理能力,从而改善患者本体感觉功能。


背景:前交叉韧带断裂是严重影响生活及运动表现的损伤之一,作为稳定结构,前交叉韧带对维持运动表现有着无法替代的作用。鉴于其严重的损伤表现,目前临床治疗行前交叉韧带重建手术。由于前交叉韧带损伤会引起机械感受器损失,进而引起本体感觉降低,为患者运动表现恢复带来极大困扰。

目的:总结本体感觉训练对前交叉韧带重建术后临床效果的影响,探讨其背后机制,以期为临床防治提供更多参考。
方法:计算机检索PubMed、中国知网、万方数据、维普数据库2013年1月至2023年3月收录的与前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉训练提高关节稳定性及运动平衡能力相关的应用文献,按纳入、排除标准筛选后最终纳入108篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①本体感觉训练可有效改善前交叉韧带重建术后患者位置觉、运动觉等本体感觉功能,提高了关节稳定性、姿势控制及运动能力;②本体感觉训练通过刺激膝关节周围本体感受器、激活脊髓反射刺激、大脑运动控制强化和认知处理,提升三方面机制,改善本体感觉功能;③本体感觉训练可能通过激活生长相关蛋白43活性、Piezo2机械传导器和NT-3/TrkC信号通路等潜在机制,改善本体感觉功能;④前期以水疗法为主,中后期优先考虑神经肌肉训练、单独力量训练及视觉反馈训练;⑤尚未细分重建移植物、性别,以及缺少以联合多种感觉刺激为思路的设备或本体感觉训练方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-173X(叶云天)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带, 前交叉韧带重建, 本体感觉, 本体感觉训练, 应用策略, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is one of the injuries that seriously affect life and sports performance, and the anterior cruciate ligament as a stabilizing structure is irreplaceable in maintaining sports performance. In view of its severe injury manifestations, the current treatment for anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Since an anterior cruciate ligament injury can cause loss of mechanoreceptors, which in turn causes a reduction in proprioception, it is a great problem for patients to recover their motor performance.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects of proprioceptive training on clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to explore the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing more references for clinical prevention and treatment.
METHODS: A computerized search of PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases was conducted for literature (from January 2013 to March 2023) related to proprioceptive training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction that improves joint stability and motor balance ability. A total of 108 articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Proprioceptive training can effectively improve the proprioceptive functions of patients, such as positional sense and kinesthetic sense after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and improve joint stability, postural control and motor ability. The proprioceptive training improves the proprioceptive function through three mechanisms: stimulation of periprosthetic receptors around the knee joint, activation of spinal reflex stimulation, reinforcement of motor control in the brain, and enhancement of cognitive processing. The proprioceptive training may improve proprioceptive functions by activating the potential mechanisms of growth associated protein-43 activity, Piezo2 mechanotransducer, and NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. Hydrotherapy is the mainstay in the early stages, while neuromuscular training, individual strength training and visual feedback training are prioritized in the middle and late stages. There exists an as-yet-unsegmented reconstructive surgery graft, sex, and a lack of devices or proprioceptive training methods based on the idea of combining multiple sensory stimuli.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, proprioception, proprioceptive training, application strategies, review

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