中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (28): 4586-4592.doi: 10.12307/2024.468

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    

下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对运动表现影响的Meta分析

张俊杰1,周  伟2,刘海元1,郭成根3   

  1. 1首都体育学院研究生部,北京市  100191;2北京体育大学中国田径运动学院,北京市  100084;3武汉体育学院体能教研室,湖北省武汉市  430079
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-07 接受日期:2023-09-05 出版日期:2024-10-08 发布日期:2023-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘海元,博士,教授,博士生导师,首都体育学院研究生部,北京市 100191 周伟,北京体育大学中国田径运动学院,北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:张俊杰,男,1996年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,首都体育学院在读博士,主要从事激活后增强效应的方法及机制研究。

A meta-analysis of the effect of post-activation potentiation on athletic performance after activation of lower-extremity relative strength levels

Zhang Junjie1, Zhou Wei2, Liu Haiyuan1, Guo Chenggen3   

  1. 1Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; 2China School of Athletics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 3Department of Physical Fitness, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-07 Accepted:2023-09-05 Online:2024-10-08 Published:2023-11-27
  • Contact: Liu Haiyuan, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China Zhou Wei, China School of Athletics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Zhang Junjie, PhD candidate, Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China

摘要:


文题释义:

激活后增强效应(post activation potentiation,PAP):是一种由预先短时间次最大强度抗阻练习引起的肌肉发力速度或爆发力急性增加的生理现象,是在某种特定条件的刺激后人体肌肉收缩以及低频强直性力量的增加,主要表现为神经传导速度加快及肌肉激活程度提高,进而肌纤维收缩速度和收缩力量增强。
1次最大重复量:即1RM(1-Repetition maximum),是指能够完整进行的、全活动范围的及最大努力只能进行1次动作的负重质量。


目的:激活后增强效应对运动表现的影响特征主要是肌肉活动能力增强、肌肉力量产生速率提高等方面。文章通过Meta分析定量评价下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对冲刺速度、跳跃表现和动力学参数(峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力和力的生成速率等)的影响效果。

方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed和Medline数据库关于下肢相对力量水平诱导激活后增强效应的随机对照、随机交叉或明确按照下肢相对力量水平分组(非随机对照试验)的研究,各组干预方法主要以自由质量器械和快速伸缩复合练习等为措施,文献发表时间为各数据库建库至2023-08-05,使用EndNote软件管理文献,随机对照试验按照PEDro量表、非随机对照试验按照ROBINS-I 2.0标准进行文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 15.0软件对所提取的数据进行发表偏倚评价、亚组分析及敏感性分析,并制作森林图进行Meta分析。
结果:①最终纳入11篇文献,包括7项随机对照试验和4项非随机对照试验,共216名受试者,整体文献的方法学质量较高。②按照1次最大重复量/体质量(1RM/BM) > 2为强壮组99人、1RM/BM≤2为普通组117人,均为男性受试者。③Meta分析结果显示,强壮组激活后增强效应对短跑表现的积极效果显著高于普通组(SMD=-1.34,95%CI:-1.74至-0.93,P < 0.000 01);强壮组激活后增强效应对垂直跳跃高度的影响与普通组相比差异无显著性意义(SMD=0.30,95%CI:-0.07-0.66,P=0.11);强壮组激活后增强效应对峰值冲量(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.62-0.47,P=0.61)、峰值功率(SMD=0.21,95%CI:-0.29-0.72,P=0.12)、最大地面反作用力(SMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.20-0.81,P=0.16)及力的生成速率(SMD=0.36,95%CI:-0.11-0.82,P=0.39)的积极效果与普通组相比差异无显著性意义。

结论:现有的试验证据表明,强壮组激活后增强效应能够显著提高短距离冲刺速度,下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对爆发性垂直跳跃高度、峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力以及力的生成速率等运动学和动力学参数指标的影响效果类似。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-8209(张俊杰),https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5020-4000(刘海元),
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9244-3691(周伟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 激活后增强效应, PAP, 力量水平, 肌肉力量, 运动表现, 冲刺速度, 垂直跳跃, 爆发力, 系统评价, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of post-activation potentiation on sports performance is characterized by increased muscle mobility and increased rate of muscle force generation. In this paper, Meta-analysis is used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of post-activation potentiation on sprint speed, jumping performance, and kinetic parameters (peak impulse, peak power, maximum ground reaction force, rate of force generation, etc.) after activation of relative strength levels in the lower limbs.
METHODS: Electronic databases such as CNKI, WanFang, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline were retrieved for randomized control, random crossover, or clear grouping according to the relative strength levels of the lower limbs (non-randomized controls) on the post-activation potentiation effect after activation induced by the relative strength level of the lower limbs. Free weight equipment and rapid telescopic compound exercises were used as main intervention methods in each group. The publication time of the literature was from the inception of each database until August 5, 2023. Endnote software was used to manage the literature. Literature quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I 2.0 standards for non-randomized controlled trials. Revman5.4 and Stata15.0 software were used to conduct publication bias evaluation, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis of the extracted data, and forest plots were produced for Meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Eleven documents (seven randomized controlled trials and four non-randomized controlled trials) were finally included, including 216 subjects. Overall, the methodological quality of the literature was high. According to the grouping standard of 1-repetition maximum/body mass > 2 for the strong group and 1-repetition maximum/body mass ≤ 2 for the normal group, there were 99 subjects in the strong group and 117 subjects in the normal group, all of whom were male. The positive effect of post-activation potentiation on sprint performance in the strong group was significantly higher than that in the normal group [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.74 to -0.93, P < 0.000 01]; the positive effect of post-activation potentiation on vertical jump height showed no significant difference between the strong and normal group (SMD=0.30, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.66, P=0.11); the positive effect of post-activation potentiation showed no significant difference between the strong and normal groups in terms of peak impulse (SMD=-0.07, 95% CI:-0.62 to 0.47, P=0.61], peak power (SMD=0.21, 95% CI:-0.29 to 0.72, P=0.12), maximum ground reaction force (SMD=0.31, 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.81, P=0.16) and force generation rate (SMD=0.36, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.82, P=0.39).
CONCLUSION: The post-activation potentiation effect in the strong group can significantly increase the short-distance sprint speed. The potentiation effect after activation of the relative strength level of the lower limbs has similar effects on the kinematic and kinetic parameters, including explosive vertical jump height, peak impulse, peak power, maximum ground reaction force and force generation rate.

Key words: post-activation potentiation, PAP, strength level, muscle strength, sport performance, sprint speed, vertical jump, explosive force, systematic review, Meta-analysis

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