中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (23): 3766-3772.doi: 10.12307/2024.398

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    

血流限制下耐力训练对有氧能力和下肢肌力及运动表现影响的Meta分析

董  宽1,徐成立2,田  静2,许长春3   

  1. 1明知大学体育学院,韩国龙仁  17113;2华中师范大学体育学院,湖北省武汉市  430070;3山东省训练中心,山东省济南市  250000
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 接受日期:2023-07-15 出版日期:2024-08-18 发布日期:2023-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 田静,硕士生导师,副教授,华中师范大学体育学院,湖北省武汉市 430070
  • 作者简介:董宽,男,1996年生,河南省商丘市人,汉族,韩国明知大学在读博士,主要从事运动医学与健康、体能训练方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:


Effects of endurance training with blood flow restriction on aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and sports performance: a Meta-analysis

Dong Kuan1, Xu Chengli2, Tian Jing2, Xu Changchun3   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Myongji University, Yongin 17113, South Korea; 2School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; 3Shandong Province Physical Training Centre, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-31 Accepted:2023-07-15 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2023-09-14
  • Contact: Tian Jing, Master’s supervisor, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Dong Kuan, PhD candidate, School of Physical Education, Myongji University, Yongin 17113, South Korea

摘要:


文题释义:

血流限制训练:通过特殊加压装置包裹肢体近端,以减少动脉部分血流量,从而限制静脉回流,并辅以肌肉运动,可促进肌肉功能改善。血流限制训练目前已被应用至康复及临床干预疾病领域。
有氧能力:指人体长时间进行以有氧代谢(糖和脂肪等有氧氧化)功能为主的运动能力。其中,最大摄氧量是评估人体有氧工作能力的重要指标,主要反映人体心肺功能。


目的:采用Meta分析方法系统评价血流限制下耐力训练对运动员有氧能力、下肢肌力和运动表现的影响。

方法:截至2023年3月,在CNKI、维普、万方及PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Science Direct、Cochrane数据库中检索文献,得到3 210篇文献,筛选后共纳入12篇文献,共14份研究报告。使用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 14软件进行Meta分析。
结果:血流限制下耐力训练对运动员最大摄氧量具有中等效应(SMD=0.59,95%CI:0.28-0.90,P < 0.05)且无异质性。持续加压类型的效果要优于其他加压类型(P < 0.05);训练内容采用有氧耐力练习较无氧速耐练习效果更优(P < 0.05);4-8周、每周3次及以上、20-30 min/次以及总训练次数12次以上效果更好。其次,血流限制下耐力训练对下肢肌力具有大效应(SMD=0.99,95%CI:0.61-1.37,P < 0.05)且无异质性,亚组分析结果显示肌肉耐力提升效果最好(SMD=1.11;95%CI:0.37-1.85),其次为伸膝力量(SMD=1.02,95%CI:0.37-1.67)、屈膝力量(SMD=0.87,95%CI:0.24-1.51)。最后,血流限制下耐力训练对运动表现具有中等效应(SMD=0.59,95%CI:0.13-1.06,P < 0.05),亚组分析结果显示跑步表现(SMD=0.55,95%CI:0.05-1.06,P < 0.05)且无异质性,足球专项运动表现仅1项,未合并分析。

结论:血流限制下耐力训练可以提高运动员有氧能力、下肢肌力和运动表现,其中下肢肌力达到大效应,有氧能力和运动表现为中等效应。采用持续性加压且不低于4周,3次/周,20-30 min/次,总次数12次以上的渐进式混合强度有氧耐力练习的训练安排,易于获得更佳的训练效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-1692(董宽)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 血流限制, 耐力训练, 有氧能力, 运动员, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effect of blood flow restriction combined with endurance training on aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and sports performance of athletes using Meta-analysis. 
METHODS: 3210 studies were searched in CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases before March 2023. After screening, 12 studies and 14 research reports were included. The traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis were performed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14. 
RESULTS: Endurance training with blood flow restriction had a medium effect size on maximal oxygen uptake (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.90, P < 0.05) and no heterogeneity. The effect of continuous pressure was better than the other pressure types (P < 0.05). Compared with sports events by anaerobic energy supply, sports events by aerobic energy supply showed better effects (P < 0.05), which was set as follows: 4-8 weeks of aerobic training, 20-30 minutes once,  3 or more sessions per week, for a total of 12 or more  sessions. Secondly, endurance training with blood flow restriction showed a large effect on the lower limb muscle strength (SMD=0.99, 95% CI: 0.61-1.37, P < 0.05) and no heterogeneity. A subgroup analysis showed muscle endurance was the best improved (SMD=1.11; 95% CI: 0.37-1.85), followed by knee extension strength (SMD=1.02, 95% CI: 0.37-1.67) and knee flexion strength (SMD=0.87, 95% CI: 0.24-1.51). Finally, endurance training with blood flow restriction showed a medium effect on sports performance (SMD=0.59, 95% CI: 0.13-1.06, P < 0.05), and the subgroup analysis showed a medium effect on running performance (SMD=0.55, 95% CI: 0.05-1.06, P < 0.05) and no heterogeneity. There was only one item of soccer specific performance that was not analyzed. 
CONCLUSION: Endurance training combined with blood flow restriction can improve the aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and sports performance of the athletes. And there is a large effect on lower limb muscle strength and a medium effect on aerobic capacity and sports performance. A training schedule of progressive mixed-intensity aerobic endurance training under continuous pressure for no less than 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 20-30 minutes per session, for 12 or more sessions in total is easy to obtain better training results.

Key words: blood flow restriction training, endurance training, aerobic capacity, athlete, Meta-analysis

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