中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (20): 3150-3156.doi: 10.12307/2024.342

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

力量训练改善去卵巢模型大鼠骨损伤的作用机制

杨梦晓1,付常喜2   

  1. 1中国矿业大学体育学院,江苏省徐州市  221116;2徐州工程学院体育学院,江苏省徐州市  221008
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10 接受日期:2023-06-05 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2023-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 付常喜,在读博士,副教授,徐州工程学院体育学院,江苏省徐州市 221008
  • 作者简介:杨梦晓,女,1997年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,2021年中国矿业大学体育学院毕业,硕士,助教,主要从事运动与健康方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省社会科学基金项目(22TYD001),项目负责人:付常喜

Mechanism by which strength training improves bone injury in ovariectomized rats

Yang Mengxiao1, Fu Changxi2   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Physical Education, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-10 Accepted:2023-06-05 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2023-09-09
  • Contact: Fu Changxi, PhD candidate, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Yang Mengxiao, Master, Assistant, School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. 22TYD001 (to FCX)

摘要:


文题释义:

绝经后骨质疏松:是一种与衰老有关的常见病,发生在绝经后妇女,由于雌激素缺乏导致骨量减少及骨组织结构变化,使骨脆性增加、易于骨折。由骨折引起的疼痛、骨骼变形和相关合并症严重影响绝经后妇女的身心健康和生活质量,甚至缩短寿命。
力量训练:又称为抗阻训练,是一种通过对抗外界阻力进行的主动运动,主要用于发展肌肉力量,广泛用于各种原因所致的肌肉萎缩。此外,力量训练能够有效改善骨密度,因此是骨质疏松患者的最佳运动方式。


背景:绝经后骨质疏松导致骨折风险明显增加,严重影响患者生活质量。运动疗法是骨质疏松患者重要的非药物手段和防治策略,其中力量训练是最佳方式,然而其具体生物学机制尚未确定。

目的:探讨力量训练对去卵巢大鼠骨形态学、材料学和生物力学的影响,探讨细胞外基质重塑在其中的作用机制。
方法:48只雌性SD大鼠依据随机数字表法分为假手术组、假手术运动组、去卵巢组和去卵巢运动组。去卵巢组和去卵巢运动组采用双侧卵巢摘除术建立绝经动物模型,假手术组和假手术运动组进行假手术。术后4周,假手术运动组和去卵巢运动组进行12周尾部负重爬梯训练,假手术组和去卵巢组在鼠笼内安静饲养。最后一次训练后分离双侧股骨和胫骨,右侧胫骨用于双能X射线骨密度仪测定以及生物力学、生物物理学和生物化学分析,左侧胫骨用显微计算机断层扫描进行骨微结构检测,右侧股骨行苏木精-伊红染色以及组织学观察,左侧股骨采用免疫印迹法和明胶酶谱法检测细胞外基质代谢相关因子的蛋白表达量或酶活性。

结果与结论:①与假手术组比较,去卵巢组最大载荷和刚度下降(P < 0.05),骨密度、骨矿密度、骨无机质含量、骨钙含量降低(P < 0.05),骨水含量升高(P < 0.05),骨小梁体积分数、骨小梁连接密度、骨小梁数量降低(P < 0.05),骨小梁分离度、结构模型指数升高(P < 0.05),骨组织脂肪细胞数量和横截面积增加(P < 0.05),基质金属蛋白酶2活性下降(P < 0.05),金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1和骨保护素蛋白表达升高(P < 0.05)。②与去卵巢组比较,去卵巢运动组最大载荷、刚度、断裂载荷和弹性升高(P < 0.05),骨密度、骨矿含量、骨矿密度、骨无机质含量、骨钙含量增加(P < 0.05),骨水含量下降(P < 0.05),骨小梁分离度、骨髓面积下降(P < 0.05),骨小梁厚度、皮质骨体积分数、皮质骨面积分数、皮质骨厚度、皮质骨孔隙度增加(P < 0.05),骨组织脂肪细胞数量和横截面积减少(P < 0.05),基质金属蛋白酶2活性升高(P < 0.05),金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1、Runt相关转录因子2、骨保护素蛋白表达下降(P < 0.05)。结果表明,力量训练能够对雌激素缺乏所致的骨损伤起保护作用,表现为骨生物力学特性、骨组织成分和骨微结构改善,其机制与调控细胞外基质重塑有关。

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9208-184X(杨梦晓)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 力量训练, 去卵巢, 绝经, 骨质疏松, 生物力学, 细胞外基质

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly increases the risk of fracture, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Exercise therapy is an important non-drug means and prevention and treatment strategy for patients with osteoporosis, in which strength training is the best mode, but its specific biological mechanism has not been determined. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of strength training on bone morphology, materials and biomechanics in ovariectomized rats and to explore the mechanism of extracellular matrix remodeling. 
METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operation group, sham operation exercise group, ovariectomized group and ovariectomized exercise group according to the random number table method. The menopausal animal model was established by bilateral ovariectomy in the ovariectomized group and ovariectomized exercise group, while sham operation was performed in the sham operation group and sham operation exercise group. Four weeks after operation, the sham operation exercise group and the ovariectomized exercise group underwent 12-week tail weight-bearing ladder training, and the sham operation group and the ovariectomized group were raised quietly in the cage. The bilateral femur and tibia were separated after training. The right tibia was used for dual-energy X-ray densitometry and biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical analyses, the left tibia was detected using micro-computed tomography for bone microstructural examination, the right femur was subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological observation, and the left femur was used for western blot and gelatin zymography detection of protein expression and enzyme activity of extracellular matrix metabolism-related factors, respectively. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham operation group, the maximal load and stiffness decreased (P < 0.05), bone density, bone mineral density, bone inorganic matter content, bone calcium content decreased (P < 0.05), bone water content increased (P < 0.05), trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular connectivity density, and trabecular number decreased (P < 0.05), trabecular separation, structural model index increased (P < 0.05), bone adipocyte number and cross-sectional area increased (P < 0.05), matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity decreased (P < 0.05), and protein expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and osteoprotegerin increased (P < 0.05) in the ovariectomized group. Compared with the ovariectomized group, the maximal load, stiffness, fracture load and resilience increased (P < 0.05), bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, bone inorganic matter content, and bone calcium content increased (P < 0.05), bone water content decreased (P < 0.05), trabecular separation and bone marrow area decreased (P < 0.05), trabecular bone thickness, cortical bone volume fraction, cortical bone area fraction, cortical bone thickness, and cortical bone porosity increased (P < 0.05), bone adipocyte number and cross-sectional area reduced (P < 0.05), matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity increased (P < 0.05), and protein expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteoprotegerin decreased (P < 0.05) in the ovariectomized exercise group. To conclude, strength training can protect against bone injury caused by estrogen deficiency, which is characterized by improvement of bone biomechanical properties, bone tissue composition and bone microstructure, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling.

Key words: strength training, ovariectomy, menopause, osteoporosis, biomechanics, extracellular matrix

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