中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 3281-3285.doi: 10.12307/2024.086

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics •    下一篇

单髁置换过程中胫骨假体立柱长度对膝关节生物力学的影响

张  凯1,赵鸣昕2,杨雨竹2,郭  媛2,纪斌平1   

  1. 1山西华晋骨科医院,山西省太原市   030400;2太原理工大学,生物医学工程学院,山西省晋中市   030600
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-04 接受日期:2023-06-08 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 纪斌平,博士,主任医师,山西华晋骨科医院,山西省太原市 030400
  • 作者简介:张凯,男,1984年生,山西省运城市人,副主任医师,主要从事临床骨关节外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(11772214),项目参与人:郭媛

Effect of tibial prosthesis riser length on knee biomechanics after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Zhang Kai1, Zhao Mingxin2, Yang Yuzhu2, Guo Yuan2, Ji Binping1   

  1. 1Shanxi Huajin Orthopaedic Hospital, Taiyuan 030400, Shanxi Province, China; 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-04 Accepted:2023-06-08 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Ji Binping, MD, Chief physician, Shanxi Huajin Orthopaedic Hospital, Taiyuan 030400, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Kai, Associate chief physician, Shanxi Huajin Orthopaedic Hospital, Taiyuan 030400, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 11772214 (to GY)

摘要:


文题释义:

单髁关节置换:是治疗膝关节单间室骨关节炎的一种方法,有手术切口小、截骨量少、前后交叉韧带完整、手术时间较短、术中术后出血量少、术后功能恢复快的特点。
有限元法:一种将连续体离散化以求解各种力学问题的数值方法。


背景:膝关节单髁置换手术能有效治疗膝关节单侧严重骨关节炎,临床上发现单髁置换后容易发生胫骨后侧骨皮质断裂,断裂始于胫骨截骨的龙骨槽处,胫骨假体立柱长度影响单髁置换后膝关节的生物力学结果。

目的:探讨单髁置换中胫骨假体立柱长度对膝关节生物力学的影响,找出假体立柱长度与患者胫骨前后径的关系。
方法:选取37岁无膝关节疾病史健康女性志愿者的计算机断层扫描图像数据和常用单髁假体,建立自然膝关节模型并建立单髁假体模型。建立8种不同长度的胫骨假体立柱,最小长度为31 mm,最大长度为34.5 mm,以0.5 mm递进,与医院常使用假体立柱长度33.2 mm进行对比。股骨组件和胫骨组件的材料是钴铬钼合金,胫骨衬垫材料是超高分子量聚乙烯。使用有限元分析软件在股骨上方加载1 000 N观察膝关节的生物力学变化。

结果与结论:①胫骨假体立柱长度为33 mm时胫骨应力最小,前交叉韧带应力最小,外侧半月板应力最小,股骨假体应力最小;余下各部件应力都较小;②受试者本身胫骨内侧平台前后径长度为53 mm,通过计算比例,胫骨假体立柱长度占胫骨前后径最佳比应为62%左右,如果低于此值可能会发生假体无菌性松动,如果高于此值,则胫骨前后端的骨皮质有发生断裂的可能性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-1469-7019 (张凯) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 单髁置换, 膝骨关节炎, 胫骨假体, 立柱长度, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty can effectively treat severe unilateral knee osteoarthritis. It has been found that posterior tibial cortical fracture is prone to occur after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The fracture begins at the keel groove of tibial osteotomy. The tibial prosthesis riser length affects the biomechanical results of the knee joint after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tibial prosthesis riser length on knee biomechanics in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and to find out the relationship between prosthesis riser length and anterior and posterior tibial diameters of patients.
METHODS: Computed tomography image data and commonly used unicompartmental prostheses were selected from a 37-year-old healthy female with no history of knee disease. A natural knee joint model was established and a unicompartmental prosthesis model was built. Eight different lengths of tibial prosthesis risers were established, with a minimum length of 31 mm and a maximum length of 34.5 mm in 0.5 mm increments, for comparison with the commonly used hospital prosthesis riser length of 33.2 mm. The material of the femoral component and tibial disc was cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, and the tibial spacer was ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The biomechanical changes of the knee joint were observed using finite element analysis software loaded with 1 000 N over the femur. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The tibial stress was minimal at a tibial prosthesis riser length of 33 mm; the anterior cruciate ligament stress was minimal; the lateral meniscus stress was minimal, and the femoral prosthesis stress was minimal. The remaining components were less stressful. (2) The subject’s medial tibial plateau anterior-posterior diameter length was 53 mm, and by calculating the ratio, the optimal ratio of tibial prosthesis riser length to anterior-posterior tibial diameter should be about 62%. If it is lower than this value, aseptic loosening of the prosthesis may occur, and if it is higher than this value, fracture of the bone cortex at the anterior-posterior end of the tibia may occur.

Key words: unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee osteoarthritis, tibial prosthesis, riser length, finite element analysis

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