中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1901-1906.doi: 10.12307/2024.016

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗亚洲人群转子间骨折髓内钉突出程度的比较

王安全,陈  昊,华兴一,卢晓林,周  剑,崔益亮,李光宇,尹宗生   

  1. 安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市   230022
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-06 接受日期:2023-01-29 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2023-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 尹宗生,博士,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市 230022
  • 作者简介:王安全,男,1980年生,安徽省亳州市人,汉族,2022年安徽医科大学毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科的研究。

Proximal femoral nail antirotation Asian version for treating femoral intertrochanteric fractures: comparison of the protruding degree of intramedullary nails in Asian population

Wang Anquan, Chen Hao, Hua Xingyi, Lu Xiaolin, Zhou Jian, Cui Yiliang, Li Guangyu, Yin Zongsheng   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2022-12-06 Accepted:2023-01-29 Online:2024-04-28 Published:2023-08-22
  • Contact: Yin Zongsheng, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Wang Anquan, MD, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

股骨转子间骨折:股骨转子间位于股骨干-颈交界处,主要由松质骨构成,是承受剪切应力较大的部位,其机械强度受骨质疏松的影响较大。转子间骨折是指从股骨颈基底至小转子水平以上的骨折,患者平均年龄略高于股骨颈骨折。股骨转子间血运丰富,很少不愈合和发生股骨头坏死。
亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA-Ⅱ):是根据亚种人群特点设计的股骨近端髓内钉,其主钉提供中心承重,且螺旋刀片能起到压缩并填充骨质、加压骨折端及防止股骨头颈的旋转,从而使患者早期负重下床活动,减少卧床并发症,现已成为治疗股骨转子间骨折常规内固定器械。


背景:因亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA-Ⅱ)设计与亚洲人群的不匹配,治疗股骨转子间骨折时可能会出现股骨转子近端的髓内钉突出,突出长度对手术疗效的影响需要进一步探讨。

目的:定量测量PFNA-Ⅱ内固定后髓内钉股骨转子近端突出长度,分析突出长度对PFNA-Ⅱ治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效是否存在影响。
方法:选择68例因股骨转子间骨折在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行PFNA-Ⅱ内固定治疗的患者,于术后6个月内在髋关节X射线前后位片上定量测量股骨大转子近端髓内钉外突值,按照是否存在股骨大转子近端髓内钉突出分为突出组与非突出组。采集患者的性别、身高、骨折类型、使用的髓内钉长度、直径、螺旋刀片在股骨颈的位置及大转子近端髓内钉突出长度等数据,术后6个月时采用髋关节Harris评分及疼痛目测类比评分判断术后疗效,观察PFNA-Ⅱ大转子近端突出对手术疗效是否存在影响。

结果与结论:①突出组及非突出组患者性别特征存在明显差异(P=0.001);②按AO/OTA分类,两组患者的骨折类型无明显差异(P=0.289);③两组患者使用的髓内钉直径、长度特征均无明显差异(P=0.067,P=1.000);④患者身高与使用的髓内钉长度无明显相关性(P=0.510),但与突出长度有明显相关性(P=0.034);螺旋刀片位置与突出长度无明显相关性(P=0.968);⑤术后6个月时两组患者髋关节Harris评分差异无显著性意义(P=0.373),但突出组疼痛目测类比评分明显高于非突出组,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);⑥结果提示PFNA-Ⅱ在治疗亚洲人股骨转子间骨折时,大转子近端经常发生髓内钉突出;当髓内钉伸入大转子近端软组织时,患者主诉大转子近端疼痛,目测类比评分明显高于非突出组;为了更好地适应亚洲人群骨骼特点,建议对PFNA-Ⅱ进行改良,进一步缩短近端钉端,以获得更好的股骨转子间骨折固定效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-3997 (王安全) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, PFNA-Ⅱ, 髓内钉突出, 内固定, 疼痛

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the mismatch between the design of the proximal femoral nail antirotation Asian version (PFNA-II) and Asian population, extrusion of the proximal femoral intertrochanteric nail may occur in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. The influence of the protruding length on the curative effect of the operation needs to be further discussed. 
OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively measure the protruding length of the proximal trochanter of the femur with intramedullary nail after PFNA-II, and to analyze the effect of protruding length on the efficacy of PFNA-II in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.  
METHODS: Totally 68 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA-II internal fixation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected. The extramedullary process of the proximal trochanter of the femur was quantitatively measured on the anterior and posterior X-ray films of the hip joint within 6 months after operation. According to the existence of extrusion of the proximal trochanter intramedullary nail, the patients were divided into protruding group and non-protruding group. The data of sex, height, fracture type, length and diameter of the intramedullary nail, the position of screw blade in the femoral neck and protruding length of proximal greater trochanter were collected. The postoperative curative effect was judged by visual analog scale pain score and hip joint Harris score at 6 months after operation. The influence of protruding proximal trochanter of the PFNA-II intramedullary nail on the operative effect was observed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in sexual characteristics between the protruding group and the non-protruding group (P=0.001). (2) According to AO/OTA classification, there were no significant differences in fracture type between the protruding group and the non-protruding group (P=0.289). (3) There was no significant difference in the length and diameter of the intramedullary nail between the two groups (P=0.067, P=1.000). (4) There was no significant correlation between the height of all patients and the length of the intramedullary nail (P=0.510), but there was a significant correlation between height and protruding length (P=0.034). There was no significant correlation between screw blade position and protruding length (P=0.968). (5) Six months after operation, there was no significant difference in the hip Harris score (P=0.373), but the visual analog scale pain score was significantly higher in the protruding group than that in the non-protruding group (P=0.000). (6) The results suggest that nail extrusion often occurs in the proximal greater trochanter when PFNA-II is used in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in Asians. When the nail extended into the proximal soft tissue of the greater trochanter, patients complained of proximal greater trochanteric pain and the visual analog scale score of proximal greater trochanter pain in the patient was significantly higher than that in the non-protruding group. To be more suitable for the Asian population, we suggest that the PFNA-II should be improved to further shorten the proximal nail end to obtain better clinical results of femoral intertrochanteric fracture fixation.

Key words: femoral intertrochanteric fracture, PFNA-II, intramedullary nail extrusion, internal fixation, pain

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