中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1603-1609.doi: 10.12307/2023.344

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞源性外泌体治疗继发性淋巴水肿

王欣欣1,王景信2   

  1. 1新乡医学院,河南省新乡市   453000;2郑州市中心医院,河南省郑州市   450007
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-26 接受日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2023-04-08 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 王景信,博士,硕士生导师,郑州市中心医院康复医学科主任,河南省郑州市 450007
  • 作者简介:王欣欣,女,1995年生,河南省鹤壁市人,汉族,新乡医学院在读硕士,主要从事继发性淋巴水肿、间充质干细胞源性外泌体与继发性淋巴水肿相关基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018020778),项目负责人:王景信;河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关) 项目(222102310657),项目负责人:王景信;新乡医学院研究生科技创新支持计划项目(YJSCX202146Y),项目负责人:王欣欣

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in treatment of secondary lymphedema

Wang Xinxin1, Wang Jingxin2   

  1. 1Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China; 2Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2022-04-26 Accepted:2022-06-15 Online:2023-04-08 Published:2022-09-09
  • Contact: Wang Jingxin, MD, Master’s supervisor, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Xinxin, Master candidate, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Foundation for the Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province, No. 2018020778 (to WJX); the Key Research Development and Promotion (Science and Technology) Project in Henan Province, No. 222102310657 (to WJX); Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Support Program of Xinxiang Medical University, No. YJSCX202146Y (to WXX)

摘要:

文题释义:
间充质干细胞源性外泌体:间充质干细胞旁分泌的盘状囊泡称为外泌体,其直径为30-150 nm,具有典型的脂质双分子层结构,携带独立核酸和脂质等分子,可参与细胞间通讯、调控微环境,在多种疾病领域显示出巨大治疗潜能。
继发性淋巴水肿:恶性肿瘤患者因接受手术或放射治疗,导致淋巴系统破损,淋巴液回流受阻,随之伴发渐进性肿胀、慢性炎症反应、脂肪沉积和皮肤纤维化等症状,严重降低患者的生活质量。

背景:多种细胞通过旁分泌形式可分泌微囊泡,其中体积最小的被称为外泌体。起初外泌体被认做细胞的“代谢废物”,后发现其通过转运独立的蛋白质、脂质、miRNA或以配体形式参与调控许多重要的信号通路。间充质干细胞源性外泌体作为极具研究潜力的非细胞疗法之一,广泛应用于多种疾病,对继发性淋巴水肿具有重要治疗作用。
目的:综述间充质干细胞源性外泌体对继发性淋巴水肿的作用及其研究进展,展望未来研究仍需蓄力的方向。
方法:通过关键词及“滚雪球”式在PubMed、Google Scholar、Embase、Scopus、Wiley数据库和中国知网、万方数据库检索间充质干细胞源性外泌体对继发性淋巴水肿的相关文献,检索时间为2005-2022年,最终共纳入58篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞源性外泌体因低免疫原性的优势广泛应用于组织再生和内脏纤维化等多种研究领域,其来源丰富,脂肪、骨髓、脐血源性外泌体应用最为成熟。②间充质干细胞源性外泌体对于继发性淋巴水肿的缓解作用已经被证实,通过在动物水肿局部皮下注射间充质干细胞源性外泌体,淋巴管内皮细胞显著增生分化形成新生旁系淋巴管,有效减少水肿体积。③外泌体调控慢性炎症反应中巨噬细胞、转化生长因子β及其他炎性细胞或因子的数量,改善间质微环境,影响后续纤维化、脂肪沉积进程,但具体调控机制有待探讨。④目前间充质干细胞源性外泌体对继发性淋巴水肿的康复作用研究仅限于动物实验,并未涉及临床,且在研究过程中外泌体最佳浓度、最佳干预时间及干预频率等方面均无清晰界定,未来需要更多机制研究并补充临床相关试验。 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-2858 (王欣欣) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9027-7032(王景信) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞源性外泌体, 继发性淋巴水肿, 淋巴管内皮细胞, 炎症因子, 纤维化, 水凝胶, 组织工程, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A variety kinds of cells can secrete microvesicles because of their paracrine effect, and the smallest microvesicles are called exosomes. Initially, exosomes were recognized as the “metabolic waste” of normal cells. However, they can engage in the regulation of several signaling pathways by transporting special substances such as proteins, lipids, miRNA and ligands or just act as ligands. As one of the most promising therapies, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes are widely used in the study of various diseases and have a significant role in secondary lymphedema. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the development and effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes on secondary lymphedma systematically, and summarize the deficiency of researches. 

METHODS:  With the key words and “snowballing ways”, articles about rehabilitation of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on secondary lymphedma were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Wiley, CNKI and Wanfang databases from 2005 to 2022. A total of 58 articles were included finally. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Due to the low immunogenicity of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes, they are widely used in tissue regeneration, visceral fibrosis and many other kinds of diseases. There are rich sources of them, the application of adipose, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood-derived exosomes are most frequent. (2) Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes benefit secondary lymphedema in animal experiments. They can reduce the volume of edema by promoting lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation and reconstructing new lymphatic values. (3) Meanwhile, the exosomes can interact with macrophages and transforming growth factor β and other important factors to regulate the local inflammation as well as the process of fibrosis and fat deposition. However, the specific intervention machanisms are still incomplete. (4) Current researches focus on the animal experiments not touch upon clinical experiments. Besides, there are no clear conclusions about the optimal concentration, proper time and frequency of intervention, so more details and clinical researches are still worthy to be supplied in the future. 

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome, secondary lymphedema, lymphatic endothelial cell, inflammatory factor, fibrosis, hydrogel, tissue engineering, review

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