中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1610-1617.doi: 10.12307/2022.978

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

心肌梗死后心脏修复中细胞外囊泡的应用及作用

岳霏霏1,宋  煜1,王晓蓓2,王  琳1,2   

  1. 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,1组织工程与再生医学研究中心,2检验科,湖北省武汉市   430022
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-31 接受日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2023-04-08 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 王晓蓓,博士,副主任医师,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院检验科,湖北省武汉市 430022 王琳,博士,教授,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院组织工程与再生医学研究中心,检验科,湖北省武汉市 430022
  • 作者简介:岳霏霏,女,1997年生,湖北省武汉市人,汉族,华中科技大学在读硕士,主要从事心肌梗死后心脏再生修复相关研究。

Application and effect of extracellular vesicles in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction

Yue Feifei1, Song Yu1, Wang Xiaobei2, Wang Lin1, 2   

  1. 1Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Accepted:2022-02-16 Online:2023-04-08 Published:2022-09-09
  • Contact: Wang Xiaobei, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China Wang Lin, MD, Professor, Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Yue Feifei, Master candidate, Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:一种由各种类型细胞自然释放到细胞外环境的有脂质双分子层包裹的纳米级结构囊泡。
心肌梗死:冠状动脉急性、持续性缺血缺氧所引起的心肌坏死。

背景:随着研究的进展,越来越多的证据表明间充质干细胞主要通过旁分泌机制来发挥治疗作用,细胞外囊泡是细胞的重要旁分泌成分,其在心血管领域引起了众多科研人员的关注。
目的:综述细胞外囊泡治疗心肌梗死相关研究的进展,分析细胞外囊泡的临床应用前景。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网和PubMed数据库收录的相关文献。中文检索词为“细胞外囊泡,心肌梗死,心脏修复”,英文检索词为“extracellular vesicles,mesenchymal stem cell,embryonic stem cell,induced pluripotent stem cell,cardiomyocyte,target,myocardial infarction,cardiac repair”。检索文献时限为2016-2021年,最终纳入70篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①目前,已有不少研究成功地使用细胞外囊泡治疗心肌梗死并获得了可观的疗效,例如间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡和某些分化成熟的细胞来源细胞外囊泡都能通过抑制缺氧心肌细胞凋亡、促进梗死边缘区血管生成、抑制炎症发生发展或减少心肌纤维化的方式来帮助梗死心肌恢复正常生理结构和功能。②已经明确细胞外囊泡携带的一些内容物在心肌梗死治疗中的作用机制,其中有不少miRNA在促进心肌修复的一些关键信号通路中发挥了重要作用,例如miR-21,miR-486-5p,miR-144等。因此,更多的研究不再局限于使用天然来源的细胞外囊泡,而是进一步在细胞外囊泡中装载具有治疗效果的药物或对细胞外囊泡的膜成分进行修饰,从而提升它的心肌靶向能力及修复潜力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-0954 (岳霏霏) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 微小核糖核酸, 细胞外囊泡, 心肌梗死, 心肌修复, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As the research progresses, the increasing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells mainly exert their therapeutic effects through paracrine mechanisms, and extracellular vesicles are an important paracrine component of cells. Therefore, extracellular vesicles have attracted considerable interest, especially in the cardiovascular field.
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress in the treatment of myocardial infarction with extracellular vesicles and explore the clinical application prospects of extracellular vesicles.
METHODS: The relevant articles were searched from CNKI and PubMed databases by computer. The search terms were “extracellular vesicles, myocardial infarction, cardiac repair” in Chinese and “extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cell, embryonic stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, cardiomyocyte, target, myocardial infarction, cardiac repair” in English. The time was limited from 2016 to 2021. Finally, 70 articles were included for this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, many studies have successfully used extracellular vesicles to treat myocardial infarction and obtained considerable efficacy. Stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, and some differentiated cell-derived extracellular vesicles can help the infarcted heart maintain normal physiological structure and function by inhibiting apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes, promoting angiogenesis in the infarct border zone, inhibiting the inflammation or reducing the fibrosis. (2) The mechanism of some cargoes carried by extracellular vesicles for the repair of myocardial infarction has been clarified, of which many microribonucleic acids play important roles in some pivotal cardiac repair signaling pathways, such as miR-21, miR-486-5p, and miR-144. Therefore, more studies are no longer limited to the application of naturally derived extracellular vesicles, but further load therapeutic drugs in extracellular vesicles or modify the membrane components of extracellular vesicles, thereby improving their myocardium targeting ability and cardiac repair potential.

Key words: microribonucleic acid, extracellular vesicle, myocardial infarction, cardiac repair, review

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