中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 1272-1277.doi: 10.12307/2023.057

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

体力活动干预2型糖尿病肌少症的研究现状

王  继1,张  敏2,杨中亚1,张  龙1   

  1. 1六盘水师范学院体育学院,贵州省六盘水市  553000;2六盘水幼儿师范高等专科学校,贵州省六盘水市  553000
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-24 接受日期:2022-03-07 出版日期:2023-03-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
  • 作者简介:王继,男,1993年生,湖南省邵东市人,硕士,讲师,主要从事慢病与运动干预研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2020]113),项目负责人:王继

A review of physical activity intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus with sarcopenia

Wang Ji1, Zhang Min2, Yang Zhongya1, Zhang Long1   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Liupanshui Preschool Education College, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-24 Accepted:2022-03-07 Online:2023-03-18 Published:2022-07-29
  • About author:Wang Ji, Master, Lecturer, School of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, No. KY[2020]113 (to WJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
2型糖尿病:是一种以慢性高血糖、胰岛素抵抗和相对胰岛素缺乏为主要特征的全身性代谢疾病,长期高血糖水平将导致患者大血管、微血管受损并累及心、脑、肾、眼、足和周围神经病变。
肌少症:一种增龄性骨骼肌退行性病症,以骨骼肌纤维体积和数量减少、肌力下降、脂肪组织增多等为主要特征,并可与2型糖尿病发病进程相互促进。

背景:随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,2型糖尿病肌少症逐渐浮现到人们面前,增加体力活动是防治2型糖尿病及与之相关肌少症的重要方法,但目前关于不同体力活动对2型糖尿病肌少症的干预方案、效果评价和发生机制等方面仍不尽详实。
目的:通过分析体力活动干预2型糖尿病肌少症的具体方案、效果评价和发生机制,为体力活动改善2型糖尿病肌少症提供理论依据和实践操作建议。
方法:以“Diabetes Mellitus;T2DM;Sarcopenia;Muscular Atrophy;Exercise;Training;physical activity”等为英文检索词,以“2型糖尿病;肌少症;体力活动;有氧运动;抗阻运动”为中文主题检索词,分别在PubMed数据库和CNKI中国期刊全文数据库检索1986年1月至2022年2月的相关文献。检索文献类型:研究原著,综述,荟萃分析。最终纳入53篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①适当增加非闲暇体力活动(将日常步数增加到5 401步/d以上)有助于降低老年2型糖尿病患者罹患肌少症的概率,有利于保持身体运动功能;坚持增加闲暇体力活动有助于预防老年2型糖尿病肌少症的发生,规律参与任何体育锻炼均能起到效果。②抗阻运动对2型糖尿病肌少症的防治效果明显优于有氧运动,中等及以上强度的抗阻运动(每周3次,70%-85%1RM)能有效提高2型糖尿病肌少症患者的肌肉质量和力量表现,而有氧运动则主要发挥延缓骨骼肌流失的功能;将抗阻运动与有氧运动、营养干预和健康教育联合起来,可增加患者的依从性,提高治疗效果。③抗阻运动主要通过激活IRS-PI3K-Akt、mTORC1、p70S6K和4EBP1等信号通路提高蛋白质合成效应,刺激肌卫星细胞增殖分化等途径实现肌肉质量增加和功能改善;有氧运动主要通过抑制泛素蛋白连接酶Atrogin-1和MuRF1介导的蛋白质分解效应和骨骼肌自噬等途径延缓肌肉流失。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-7741 (王继)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 肌少症, 体力活动, 抗阻运动, 有氧运动, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the aging of population, sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus has gradually emerged in front of people. Increasing physical activity is an important approach to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related sarcopenia. However, current intervention plan, effect evaluation and mechanism of different physical activities in type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia are still not detailed.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intervention program, effect evaluation and mechanism of physical activity in type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia, thereby providing theoretical basis and practical suggestions for physical activity to improve the disease.
METHODS: Search terms included “Diabetes Mellitus; T2DM; Sarcopenia; Muscular Atrophy; Exercise; Training; physical activity” in English and Chinese. PubMed and CNKI were searched for relevant literature published from January 1986 to February 2022, including review papers, research papers and meta-analysis. Finally, 53 literatures were included for the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Appropriate increase in non-leisure physical activity (daily steps above 5 401 per day) can reduce the probability of sarcopenia and maintain physical exercise function in elderly type 2 diabetes patients. Increasing leisure physical activity can prevent the incidence of sarcopenia in elderly type 2 diabetes patients, and any regular physical exercise can be effective. Resistance exercise is significantly superior to aerobic exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia. A resistance exercise of moderate intensity and above (3 times a week, 70%-85% 1RM) can effectively increase muscle mass and strength performance in type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia, while aerobic exercise mainly delays skeletal muscle loss. Combining resistance exercise with aerobic exercise, nutritional intervention and health education can increase patient compliance and improve treatment efficacy. Resistance exercise mainly improves protein synthesis by activating IRS-PI3K-Akt, mTORC1, p70S6K and 4EBP1 signaling pathways, and improve muscle mass and functions by stimulating muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Aerobic exercise mainly delays muscle loss by inhibiting ubiquitin protein ligases Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and skeletal muscle autophagy.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, sarcopenia, physical activity, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, review

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