中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 15-20.doi: 10.12307/2022.805

• 造血干细胞 hematopoietic stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗24例重型再生障碍性贫血

付春梅,张  璞,王  洋,李晓林,薛  燕,付  杰,张慈现,杨宇娟,段雅雅,冯  凯   

  1. 徐州市中心医院血液科,江苏省徐州市   221009
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-25 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 冯凯,博士,主任医师,徐州市中心医院血液科,江苏省徐州市 221009
  • 作者简介:付春梅,女,1985年生,江苏省徐州市人,汉族,2013年苏州大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事恶性血液病的诊治及造血干细胞移植研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(320.6755.15029),项目负责人:冯凯

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of 24 patients with severe aplastic anemia

Fu Chunmei, Zhang Pu, Wang Yang, Li Xiaolin, Xue Yan, Fu Jie, Zhang Cixian, Yang Yujuan, Duan Yaya, Feng Kai   

  1. Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-25 Accepted:2022-01-05 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-02
  • Contact: Feng Kai, MD, Chief physician, Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Fu Chunmei, Master, Attending physician, Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Wu Jieping Medical Foundation Clinical Research Special Fund, No. 320.6755.15029 (to FK)

摘要:

文题释义:
异基因造血干细胞移植:对患者进行大剂量放化疗或免疫抑制预处理后,将遗传基因不同的造血干细胞移植给受者,使受者重建正常造血和免疫功能。异基因造血干细胞移植目前主要适应于急性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征及再生障碍性贫血等血液系统疾病,是能够达到治愈血液系统恶性肿瘤及骨髓衰竭性疾病的一种手段。
单倍体相同供者:是指人组织相容性抗原(human leucocyte antigen,HLA)配型至少为单倍体相合的亲缘供者,父母与子女之间单倍体相合的概率为100%,同胞间单倍体相合的概率为50%。
单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血:重型再生障碍性贫血免疫抑制治疗起效时间长,对于急需恢复造血而又缺乏同胞全相合供者的情况下,单倍体相同供者几乎人人可得,可作为重要的替代供者选择。随着预处理方案及移植物抗宿主病预防方法的改进,单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的生存率得到了提高。
造血重建:供者造血干细胞在受者造血组织内定居,继而增殖、分化,使造血恢复并可以取代受者造血的过程。造血重建标准:连续3 d中性粒细胞绝对值≥0.5×109 L-1的第1天为中性粒细胞植入,血小板≥20×109 L-1连续7 d且脱离血小板输注的第1天为血小板植入。

背景重型再生障碍性贫血病情重、病死率高,需快速恢复造血功能,目前异基因造血干细胞移植为一线治疗方案,同胞全相合异基因造血干细胞移植为首选,单倍体相合造血干细胞移植作为替代治疗方案也取得了较好的效果。

目的:探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(包括同胞全相合造血干细胞移植及单倍体相合造血干细胞移植)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的临床疗效。
方法:回顾性分析2015年4月至2021年7月于徐州市中心医院接受异基因造血干细胞移植治疗24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者的临床资料,其中接受同胞全相合造血干细胞移植8例,接受单倍体相合造血干细胞移植16例。24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者预处理方案为氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺、抗淋巴细胞球蛋白方案。同胞全相合造血干细胞移植采用环孢素联合短程甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病,单倍体相合造血干细胞移植在此基础上增加吗替麦考酚酯。
结果与结论:①24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者中有2例患者预处理期间死于严重感染,其余22例均达造血重建;中性粒细胞植入中位时间为12.5(10-18) d,血小板植入中位时间为14.5(10-26) d;②22例植入成功患者发生急性移植物抗宿主病8例(36%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病2例,慢性移植物抗宿主病累计发生4例(18%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度慢性移植物抗宿主病1例;③18例患者存活,6例患者死亡,5年预计总生存率为74%;④结果表明,异基因造血干细胞移植为重型再生障碍性贫血的有效治疗手段,同胞全合供者作为首选,无同胞全相合供者时可选择单倍体相合供者作为替代。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2621 (付春梅)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 重型再生障碍性贫血, 异基因造血干细胞移植, 单倍体移植, 同胞全相合, 造血重建, 移植物抗宿主病, 预后

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe aplastic anemia has severe illness and high mortality, which requires rapid recovery of hematopoietic function. At present, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the first-line treatment, human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the first choice, and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has also achieved good results as an alternative treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (including matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. 
METHODS: The clinical data of 24 patients with severe aplastic anemia diagnosed from April 2015 to July 2021 undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Xuzhou Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 8 patients received matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 16 patients received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pretreatment regimen of 24 patients with severe aplastic anemia was fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and anti-lymphocytic globulin. The prevention of graft versus host disease was cyclosporine combined with short-range methotrexate in matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in haploid matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the basis of this addition of mycophenolate mofetil. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 24 patients, 2 severe aplastic anemia patients died of severe infection during pretreatment, and the other 22 patients reached hematopoietic reconstitution. The median time of neutrophil implantation was 12.5 (10-18) days, and the median time of platelet implantation was 14.5 (10-26) days. (2) Totally 22 patients with successful implantation developed acute graft versus host disease in 8 patients (36%), grade III/IV acute graft versus host disease in 2 patients, chronic graft versus host disease in 4 patients (18%), and grade III/IV chronic graft versus host disease in 1 patient. (3) Totally 18 patients survived and 6 patients died. The 5-year estimated overall survival rate was 74%. (4) These results indicate that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for severe aplastic anemia. Human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling donor is the first choice. When human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling donor is not available, related human leucocyte antigen-haplo identical donor will be an alternative method.

Key words: severe aplastic anemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, haploid transplantation, human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling, hematopoietic reconstitution, graft versus host disease, outcome

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