中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (20): 3127-3132.doi: 10.12307/2022.609

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

高糖状态下脂多糖介导βtc6细胞自噬的机制

蔡智国,都沙沙,杨  琨,赵  娜,刘  琪   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市  563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-12 接受日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘琪,博士,主任医师,遵义医学院附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:蔡智国,男,1990年生,贵州省桐梓县人,汉族,2019年遵义医科大学研究生院毕业,硕士,医师,现工作于遵义市红花岗区口腔医院牙周黏膜科,主要研究牙周病与2型糖尿病的关系。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81860196),项目负责人:刘琪,课题名称:2型糖尿病伴牙周炎牙周膜干细胞凋亡转归的线粒体损伤、自噬失调机制研究

Lipopolysaccharides mediate autophagy of mouse insulinoma βtc6 cells in high glucose state

Cai Zhiguo, Du Shasha, Yang Kun, Zhao Na, Liu Qi   

  1. Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-12 Accepted:2021-06-03 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-01-19
  • Contact: Liu Qi, MD, Chief physician, Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Cai Zhiguo, Master, Physician, Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860196 (to LQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
过度自噬:是细胞自噬性细胞死亡,也称为Ⅱ型程序性细胞死亡,其主要特征为细胞质中大量自噬溶酶体降解大部分物质,但细胞核依然保持完整。
PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路:主要由 PI3K 激酶、蛋白激酶 B和哺乳动物类雷帕霉素靶蛋白的3个作用分子组成,在正常细胞生理、癌症扩散、肿瘤发生和转移中都发挥作用。

背景:作者团队前期证实糖尿病促进牙周炎的发生发展,而牙周炎是否促进糖尿病发展?
目的:探索牙周炎促进糖尿病发展的分子机制。
方法:体外培养小鼠胰岛素瘤βtc6细胞,分为对照组、葡萄糖组、脂多糖组、葡萄糖+脂多糖组,采用不同浓度葡萄糖(0,25,50,
100 mmol/L)和脂多糖(0,10,20,40 mg/L)单独或联合刺激βtc6细胞12 h,检查每组胰岛素分泌量。另外分别加入自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(5 μmol/L)和自噬激活剂雷帕霉素(10 mmol/L)对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phoshatidylinositol-3-kinase/rotein kinase B/the mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K/AKT/mTOR)信号通路进行干预,分为雷帕霉素+脂多糖组、雷帕霉素+葡萄糖组、雷帕霉素+葡萄糖+脂多糖组及3-甲基腺嘌呤+脂多糖组、3-甲基腺嘌呤+葡萄糖组、3-甲基腺嘌呤+葡萄糖+脂多糖组。CCK-8法检测各组βtc6细胞增殖情况,活性氧荧光探针检测各组βtc6细胞中活性氧聚集量,透射电镜观察各组βtc6细胞中自噬小体生成量,Western Blot法检测自噬蛋白及相关通路蛋白表达。
结果与结论:①葡萄糖浓度超过50 mmol/L时,胰岛素分泌量不受葡萄糖调节(P > 0.05);脂多糖质量浓度大于20 mg/L时,胰岛素分泌量受到抑制(P < 0.05);②加入3-甲基腺嘌呤后,3-甲基腺嘌呤+葡萄糖组、3-甲基腺嘌呤+脂多糖组、3-甲基腺嘌呤+脂多糖+葡萄糖组中Becline1、p-PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR表达较对照组显著降低(P < 0.05);p62蛋白表达则呈相反趋势(P < 0.05);③加入雷帕霉素后,Becline1、p-PI3K、p-mTOR/mTOR表达较对照组显著增加(P < 0.05);④提示脂多糖能诱导胰岛β细胞过度自噬下调胰岛素分泌,该机制可能与沉默PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路有关。
缩略语:磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白:phoshatidylinositol-3-kinase/rotein kinase B/the mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K/AKT/mTOR

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-9237 (蔡智国) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 牙周炎, 糖尿病, 脂多糖, 自噬, 3-甲基腺嘌呤, PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have confirmed that diabetes mellitus promotes the occurrence and development of periodontitis. However, it is unclear whether periodontitis can promote the development of diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism by which periodontitis promotes the development of diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: Mouse βtc6 insulinoma cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group, glucose group, lipopolysaccharide group, and glucose+lipopolysaccharide group. The cells in the latter three groups were treated with different concentrations of glucose (0, 25, 50, 100 mmol/L) and lipopolysaccharide (0, 10, 20, 40 mg/L) alone or in combination for 12 hours. Insulin secretion was measured in each group. In addition, 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor, 5 μmol/L) and rapamycin (an autophagy activator, 10 mmol/L) were used to intervene with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/rotein kinase B/the mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. The cells were then further divided into rapamycin+lipopolysaccharide group, rapamycin+glucose group, rapamycin+glucose+lipopolysaccharide group, 3-methyladenine+lipopolysaccharide group, 3-methyladenine+glucose group, and 3-methyladenine+glucose+lipopolysaccharide group. The cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of βtc6 cells. Fluorescent probes were used to detect the amount of reactive oxygen species in βtc6 cells. Production of autophagosomes in βtc6 cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of autophagy proteins and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The insulin secretion was out of control as the glucose concentration exceeded 50 mmol/L (P > 0.05), whereas the insulin secretion was inhibited as the lipopolysaccharide concentration exceeded 20 mg/L (P < 0.05). After addition of 3-methyladenine, the expression levels of Becline1, p-PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-AKT/AKT, p-AKT/AKT, and p-PI3K were significantly decreased in the 3-methyladenine+glucose group, 3-methyladenine+lipopolysaccharide group, and 3-methyladenine+lipopolysaccharide+glucose group compared with the control group. While the expression of p62 protein showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). After addition of rapamycin, the expression of Becline1, p-PI3K, and p-mTOR/mTOR was significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that lipopolysaccharides can induce excessive autophagy of pancreatic β cells and downregulate insulin secretion. This mechanism may be related to the silencing of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Key words: periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, lipopolysaccharide, autophagy, 3-methyladenine, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

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