中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (25): 4076-4083.doi: 10.12307/2022.417
• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇 下一篇
卫宇帆1,樊飞燕1,李双利1,张运克1,2
收稿日期:
2021-06-04
接受日期:
2021-07-09
出版日期:
2022-09-08
发布日期:
2022-01-26
通讯作者:
张运克,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,博士后合作导师,河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市 450000;河南中医药大学第一附属医院,河南省郑州市 450000
作者简介:
卫宇帆,女,1992年生,河南省济源市人,河南中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中医药防治神经系统疾病的研究。
基金资助:
Wei Yufan1, Fan Feiyan1, Li Shuangli1, Zhang Yunke1, 2
Received:
2021-06-04
Accepted:
2021-07-09
Online:
2022-09-08
Published:
2022-01-26
Contact:
Zhang Yunke, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Post-doctoral cooperative supervisor, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
About author:
Wei Yufan, Master candidate, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
Supported by:
摘要:
文题释义:
外泌体:是一种具有双层膜结构的纳米级细胞外囊泡,可自由透过血脑屏障,并广泛分布于多种体液中,是细胞间通讯的重要介质,并且外泌体中的α-突触核蛋白可作为神经毒性及其在大脑中传播的潜在关键参与者,促进了帕金森病病情进展,在帕金森病的发病机制、诊断及作为药物递送载体有广泛应用。
间充质干细胞源性外泌体:间充质干细胞作为分泌外泌体能力最强的细胞,具有多谱系分化能力、自我更新能力,加之有取材方便、扩增迅速、无免疫原性等优点,在多种疾病领域的研究与治疗中发挥着重要作用,但其不能穿过血脑屏障,还存在栓塞、肿瘤形成等风险。而间充质干细胞源性外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相同的生物学功能,但可有效避免上述风险,如今被广泛认为是间充质干细胞发挥生理功能的重要方式,在帕金森病的相关研究中具有抑制多巴胺能神经元凋亡、发挥神经保护的作用。
背景:外泌体是一种纳米级微型囊泡,可自由透过血脑屏障,在维持内环境稳定、进行细胞间通讯、调节免疫应答等方面有重要价值。间充质干细胞作为分泌外泌体能力最强的细胞,具有便于采集、免疫排斥小、伦理反应弱等优点,并且间充质干细胞源性外泌体有助于改善受损的神经系统功能,抑制多巴胺能神经元凋亡,被认为是治疗帕金森病的一种很有前途的治疗工具。
目的:综述外泌体在帕金森病发病机制中的作用、作为诊断的生物标志物、药物递送载体以及间充质干细胞源性外泌体在帕金森病作用机制中的研究进展。
方法:以“exosomes,mesenchymal stem cells,Parkinson disease”为英文检索词,以“外泌体,间充质干细胞,帕金森病”为中文检索词。检索自建库至2021年5月收录在中国知网与PubMed数据库的相关文献,检索语种为中文和英文,依据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入相关文献117篇。
结果与结论:①概述了外泌体的定义、来源、组成及功能;间充质干细胞的发现、定义、作用机制及应用。②总结了α-突触核蛋白的聚集可引起病理学扩散,而从外泌体中发现了α-突触核蛋白,这可能是α-突触核蛋白在细胞间传播的可能分子机制;α-突触核蛋白可以激活帕金森病中的小胶质细胞,引起炎症级联反应,诱导神经炎和多巴胺神经元变性;外泌体miRNA可以诱导靶细胞遗传程序发生变化,上述发病机制促进了帕金森病进程。③总结了外泌体作为诊断的生物标志物、药物递送载体的应用,并且总结了间充质干细胞源性外泌体在帕金森病中的作用主要表现在抑制炎症反应、调节基因表达、抑制多巴胺神经元凋亡,从而发挥神经保护作用,增加了多巴胺的释放。④总结发现间充质干细胞源性外泌体在帕金森病的诊治中有广阔前景,值得进一步深入研究。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-1535(张运克)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
卫宇帆, 樊飞燕, 李双利, 张运克. 外泌体及间充质干细胞源性外泌体在帕金森病诊治中的未来[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(25): 4076-4083.
Wei Yufan, Fan Feiyan, Li Shuangli, Zhang Yunke. Future of exosomes and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(25): 4076-4083.
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1.1.7 检索策略 PubMed数据库和中国知网检索策略,见图1。
1.1.8 检索文献量 初步检索共获得文献1 291篇,其中中国知网817篇,PubMed数据库474篇。
1.2 纳入排除标准
纳入标准:①论点、论据可靠且发表在权威、专业的杂志文献;②有关外泌体在帕金森病发病机制、诊断及治疗中的相关文献;③阐述间充质干细胞源性外泌体在帕金森病中的作用机制及研究进展的文献。
排除标准:重复或与研究内容无关的文献。
1.3 文献筛选 初检得到文献1 291篇,阅读文章标题及摘要排除与研究内容无关、重复的文献974篇,剩余317篇阅读全文,排除重复性研究200篇,最终纳入117篇,其中中文文献8篇,英文文献109篇。文献筛选流程图,见图2。
文题释义:
外泌体:是一种具有双层膜结构的纳米级细胞外囊泡,可自由透过血脑屏障,并广泛分布于多种体液中,是细胞间通讯的重要介质,并且外泌体中的α-突触核蛋白可作为神经毒性及其在大脑中传播的潜在关键参与者,促进了帕金森病病情进展,在帕金森病的发病机制、诊断及作为药物递送载体有广泛应用。
间充质干细胞源性外泌体:间充质干细胞作为分泌外泌体能力最强的细胞,具有多谱系分化能力、自我更新能力,加之有取材方便、扩增迅速、无免疫原性等优点,在多种疾病领域的研究与治疗中发挥着重要作用,但其不能穿过血脑屏障,还存在栓塞、肿瘤形成等风险。而间充质干细胞源性外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相同的生物学功能,但可有效避免上述风险,如今被广泛认为是间充质干细胞发挥生理功能的重要方式,在帕金森病的相关研究中具有抑制多巴胺能神经元凋亡、发挥神经保护的作用。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
通过电子显微镜观察,在腔内/细胞外间隙中发现外泌体,并被所有类型的细胞分泌;已知外泌体存在于血浆、血清、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、母乳和其他分泌物中。并且外泌体含有一些重要的生物活动分子,如蛋白质、脂质、功能性mRNA以及大量非编码核酸(miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA),这些内容物在外泌体形成、被靶细胞摄取过程以及细胞间物质信息传递中发挥重要作用。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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