中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (23): 3654-3659.doi: 10.12307/2021.035

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶促进慢性根尖周炎模型小鼠的骨破坏

杨彩会1,刘启成1,董  明1,王丽娜1,左美娜2,陆  颖1,牛卫东1   

  1. 1大连医科大学口腔医学院,辽宁省大连市   116044; 2大连医科大学口腔医学院附属口腔医院,辽宁省大连市   116000
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-19 修回日期:2020-05-20 接受日期:2020-06-29 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 牛卫东,博士,教授,博士生导师,大连医科大学,辽宁省大连市 116044
  • 作者简介:杨彩会,女,1994年生,辽宁省营口市人,汉族,大连医科大学在读硕士,主要从事牙体牙髓研究。 刘启成,男,1964年生,河南省信阳市人,硕士,副教授,主要从事牙体牙髓研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81700962),项目负责人:陆颖

Serine/threonine protein kinases can promote bone destruction in mouse models of chronic periapical periodontitis

Yang Caihui1, Liu Qicheng1, Dong Ming1, Wang Lina1, Zuo Meina2, Lu Ying1, Niu Weidong1   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China; 2Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-05-19 Revised:2020-05-20 Accepted:2020-06-29 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-01-26
  • Contact: Niu Weidong, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Yang Caihui, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China Liu Qicheng, Master, Associate professor, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China Yang Caihui and Liu Qicheng contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81700962 (to LY)

摘要:

文题释义:
慢性根尖周炎:是发生在牙根周围组织的炎症,进展缓慢病程较长,病变过程复杂,大多数继发于牙髓疾病。牙髓炎症发展到晚期,牙髓组织大部分或全部都病变坏死时,感染牙髓的细菌及其代谢产物经根尖孔可直接扩散至根尖周组织导致炎症反应,引起根尖周组织发炎,而且常常会波及邻近的牙槽骨和根尖部的牙骨质,导致骨质吸收、破坏。
AKT:是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,又叫做蛋白激酶B,是PI3K/AKT信号转导通路上的主要因子。在信号通路中具有承上启下的作用,是PI3K控制细胞增殖、存活和细胞周期的主要下游靶蛋白,同时磷酸化的AKT还可调控下游因子介导炎症反应,与炎症反应及骨破坏密切相关。

背景:根尖周炎的主要表现为骨破坏和形成炎症性肉芽组织,研究发现丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)可促进破骨细胞分化。
目的:观察AKT在小鼠实验性根尖周炎组织中的表达变化。
方法:选用25只C57BL/6J野生型雌性小鼠,通过双侧下颌第一磨牙开髓后将髓腔暴露于口腔中的方法,建立小鼠根尖周炎动物模型。将5只未开髓的小鼠作为健康对照组,其余20只作为实验组,开髓后1,2,3,4周每周随机处死5只小鼠,分离下颌骨,制作冰冻切片。采用苏木精-伊红染色,观察小鼠根尖组织炎症情况;采用免疫组织化学染色,观察AKT的表达与分布情况;采用酶组织化学染色,观察根尖组织破骨细胞的表达,并分析AKT与破骨细胞表达的相关性。
结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红染色结果显示:健康对照组小鼠根尖周围组织仅见少量炎性细胞,牙周组织完整;开髓术后1周,根尖周组织牙周膜有少量增宽,有小范围的中性粒细胞浸润;开髓术后2周,牙周膜宽度明显增大,根尖周围组织可见大量的中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞浸润,出现了明显牙槽骨吸收;开髓术后三四周,炎症范围继续扩大,主要为淋巴细胞浸润,牙槽骨的吸收范围更加明显,牙周膜宽度继续增宽;说明小鼠慢性根尖周炎动物模型建立成功;②AKT免疫组织化学染色结果显示:健康对照组仅有少量阳性细胞表达;实验组AKT的表达量在开髓后1周时开始增多;开髓后2周时达到高峰;三四周时数目下降;各实验组AKT阳性细胞数均高于健康对照组,1周与4周之间相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),其余各组间差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③酶组织化学染色结果显示:破骨细胞数目随着时间延长而呈现一定的趋势,在开髓后二三周时达到高峰;4周时下降;AKT 吸光度值与破骨细胞计数值之间存在中度相关性(r=0.634,P < 0.001);④提示AKT在小鼠慢性根尖周炎中有表达,且表达增高;AKT参与了慢性根尖周炎的疾病过程,并可能对根尖周炎骨破坏起促进作用。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-7088 (杨彩会)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 根尖周炎, AKT, 蛋白激酶B, 破骨细胞, 牙周膜, 免疫组织化学, 染色

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The main manifestations of periapical periodontitis are bone destruction and formation of inflammatory granulation tissue. Studies have found that serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT) can promote osteoclast differentiation.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of AKT in mice with experimental periapical periodontitis.
METHODS: Twenty-five C57BL/6J wild-type female mice were selected, and the animal model of periapical periodontitis was established in 20 mice by pulpectomy to expose the pulp cavity of bilateral mandibular first molars. The remaining five mice without pulpectomy were used as the healthy control group. Five mice from the experimental group were randomly killed  to separate the mandible and prepare frozen sections at each observational time, including 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after pulpectomy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the inflammation of the mouse apical tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression and distribution of AKT. Enzyme histochemical staining was used to observe the expression of osteoclasts in the mouse apical tissue. Correlation between AKT and osteoclast expression was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that in the healthy control group, only a small amount of inflammatory cells were seen in the tissues around the apex, and the periodontal tissue was intact. At 1 week after the pulpectomy, the periodontal ligament in the periapical tissue was slightly widened, and there were a small amount of infiltrated neutrophils. At 2 weeks after pulpectomy, the width of the periodontal ligament increased significantly, and a large number of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes infiltrated in the tissues around the apex, and obvious alveolar bone resorption appeared. At 3 to 4 weeks after the pulpectomy, mainly due to lymphocyte infiltration, the range of inflammation continued to expand, the range of alveolar bone resorption was more obvious, and the periodontal ligament width continued to widen. These indicated the successful establishment of the animal model of chronic periapical periodontitis in mice. The results of AKT immunohistochemical staining showed that there were only a few positive cells in the healthy control group; the expression of AKT in the experimental group began to increase at 1 week after pulpectomy, peaked at 2 weeks after pulpectomy, and then decreased at 3-4 weeks after pulpectomy. The number of AKT positive cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the experimental group between 1 and 4 weeks after pulpectomy, and significant differences were observed in the experimental group at other observational times after pulpectomy. The results of enzyme histochemical staining showed that the number of osteoclasts had a certain trend with time, which reached the peak at 2-3 weeks after pulpectomy, and decreased at 4 weeks after pulpectomy. There was a moderate correlation between AKT absorbance value and osteoclast count (r=0.634, P < 0.001). To conclude, AKT is expressed in mice with chronic periapical periodontitis, and the expression is increased. AKT participates in the progression of chronic periapical periodontitis, and may promote bone destruction of periapical periodontitis.

Key words: periapical periodontitis, AKT, protein kinase B, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament, immunohistochemistry, staining

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