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    01 October 2011, Volume 15 Issue 40 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Effect of vibration stress stimulation on bone marrow stem cells for repairing rabbit bone defects
    Zhang Lu, Zhao Wen-zhi, He Sheng-wei, Fang Xu, Mi Li-dong, Sun Xue-gang, Du Guang-yu, Sun Chuan-xiu
    2011, 15 (40):  7411-7415.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.001
    Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (1432KB) ( 256 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mechanical factors can regulate and induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into bone cells, and increase the differentiation efficiency.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vibration stress stimulation on the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs in the bone defect microenvironment.
    METHODS: Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into three groups: bone matrix gelatin (BMG), BMG+BMSCs, vibration+BMG+BMSCs groups. Humeral bone defect models were established in all the rabbits. Vibration stress stimuli were applied to live animals with 0.3 G acceleration, 25 Hz, sine wave type, 1 once a day, 30 minutes once, for 4 weeks.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation display callus growth good in the vibration group, histological sections showed that the amount of new bone was large in the vibration group, and a large number of osteoblasts, bone formation and bone ends connected were found in the vibration group. mRNA expression of RUNX2 and type Ⅰ collagen was significantly higher in the vibration group than in the non vibration groups. Vibration can promote BMSCs, up-regulate RUNX2 gene, type Ⅰ collagen gene thus speeding up the repair of bone defects.

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    Human heme oxygenase-1 improves the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic heart
    Zeng Bin, Yi Xin, Ma Le-le
    2011, 15 (40):  7416-7420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.002
    Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (1504KB) ( 335 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Cardiac function is limited by the great amount of dead transplanted cells following myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of human heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on the survival of BMSCs in the heart after AMI.
    METHODS: BMSCs were isolated, cultured and proliferated in vitro, transfected with Adv-hHO-1 and Adv-GFP, and then labeled with DAPI before transplantation. At 1 hour after left coronary artery ligation, DAPI-HO-1-BMSCs or DAPI-GFP-BMSCs were directly injected into the border of infracted cardiac region in rats. An equal volume of PBS was injected into the control group.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of hHO-1 mRNA, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor in the border of infracted cardiac region treated with HO-1-BMSCs were higher than those treated with GFP-BMSCs and PBS (P < 0.01), and the number of BMSCs and capillary vessels in AMI heart treated with HO-1-BMSCs was significantly higher than those treated with GFP-BMSCs and PBS (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The heart function and remolding of the hearts treated with HO-1-BMSCs was better than those treated with GFP-BMSCs and PBS (P < 0.01). The infarct area in the HO-1-BMSCs group was also smaller than that in the GFP-BMSCs and PBS groups (P < 0.01). HO-1 enhances the survival of BMSCs in the AMI heart, which cooperates with BMSCs to inhibit ventricular remodeling and improve the cardiac function.

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    Expression of osteoprotegerin gene mediated with liposome in rat bone marrow stromal cells
    Zhao Ji-hua, Li Qi-jia, Guo Jing, Wang Zhi-qiang
    2011, 15 (40):  7421-7424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.003
    Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (1412KB) ( 221 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Genetically modified seed cells for bone tissue engineering can improve the ability to repair bone defects.
    OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in rat transfected bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).
    METHODS: BMSCs were aseptically obtained from the femur and tibia of 4-week-old SD rats and cultured in vitro. BMSCs were divided into three groups: plasmid group, blank plasmid group and non-transfection group.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfection, green fluorescent protein was observed in BMSCs under the laser scanning confocal microscope. There was obvious mark at 1 200 bp in plasmid group, but there was no expression of OPG mRNA in blank plasmid group and non-transfection group. The OPG protein was positive in BMSCs detected by immunocytochemistry examination. There were no significant difference in cell proliferation in each group (P > 0.05). plRES2- EGFP-OPG plasmid transfected BMSCs can express exogenous OPG and proteins. 

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    Beta-amyloid 25-35 causes Tau protein hyperphosphorylation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into neuron-like cells
    Li Jun, Zhao Tian-chun, Duan Ping, Han Xue-fei, Liang Chen, Xing Ying
    2011, 15 (40):  7425-7428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.004
    Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 250 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Many scholars believe that β-amyloid protein is the initial factor for the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein may be one of the most important molecular pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of β-amyloid 25-35 (Aβ25-35) on Tau protein phosphorylation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiating into neuron-like cells.
    METHODS: BMSCs were isolated and purified from SD rats, and the fourth passage BMSCs were divided into two groups: Aβ25-35 experiment group was added pre-induction medium (containing 10 μg/L bFGF, 10% FBS in DMEM) and 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35, 24 hours later, the cells were induced into neurons-like cells by DMEM with 2% DMSO and 200 μmol/L BHA, and harvested 5 hours later; control group was treated with the same induction method but with no Aβ25-35. Morphological changes were observed by light microscope, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) detected by immunocytochemistry; GSK-3β, Tau [pSer262] and Tau [pSer396] are tested by Western blot.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the observation of light microscope, spindle shaped BMSCs after induction showed up neuron-like cells shape with long projections, which were different from Aβ25-35 experiment group with the length and quantity of the projections shorter and less; both two groups showed Tau+ by immunocytochemistry; Western blotting showed that GSK-3β, Tau [pSer262] and Tau [pSer396] of Aβ25-35 treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Aβ25-35 can induce BMSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells leading to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein through GSK-3.

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    Diethylstilbestrol can induce bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts
    Zhang Chang-hai, Zhang Xian-cheng, Hu Meng, Xue Zheng-min, Zhou Xiao-peng, Li Cui-yun
    2011, 15 (40):  7429-7432.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.005
    Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (371KB) ( 382 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There are fewer reports about estrogen effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of diethylstilbestrol on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs.
    METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs cultured in vitro were intervened with 0, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol, and BMSCs cultured with dexamethasone 10-8 mol/L, β-sodium glycerophosphate 10 mmol/L, and vitamin C 50 mg/L were used as positive controls.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly improved the proliferative ability of BMSCs at 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervention (P < 0.01). 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs at 48 hours after intervention as well as 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol at 72 hours (P < 0.01). Mineralized nodular structures formed at 25 days after intervention with 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. Alkaline phosphatase activities were remarkably increased at 14 and 21 days after intervention with 10-7, 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. It has been proved that diethylstilbestrol has an enhancing effect on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs.

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    Epithelial and endothelial differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
    Zhu Xi-shan, Tai Wei-ping, Shi Wei, An Guang-yu
    2011, 15 (40):  7433-7436.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.006
    Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (479KB) ( 313 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multiple differentiation potential in vitro, but the in vitro differentiation of BMSCs to the lung tissue is still controversial.
    OBJECTIVE: To verify the ability of mouse BMSCs differentiating to endothelial cells and epithelial cells in vitro.
    METHODS: Mouse BMSCs were isolated and induced by endothelial-induced fluid to differentiate into endothelial cells. In addition, isolated mouse BMSCs were induced in these epithelial induction media for 3 weeks: a simple epithelial induction medium; epithelial induction medium plus 10 μg/L transforming growth factor β1. Non-induced mouse BMSCs were used as negative controls and the alveolar epithelium as a positive control.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After cultured in the epithelial induction medium for 3 weeks, some cells changed from the spindle cells into a typical pebble-like epithelial cell. 60% induced cells expressed epithelial cell marker pan-CK, and RT-PCR showed that differentiated epithelial cells expressed cell-specific signs CK18. There was no CK18 expression in non-induced mouse BMSCs. Mouse BMSCs in the epithelial induction medium for 24 hours, typical vascular network structure appeared. vWF immunofluorescence staining showed that about 70% of cells were positive, and RT-PCR showed that differentiated cells expressed CD31, vWF, and CD34. It is indicated that BMSCs has in vitro cross-mesodermal multilineage differentiation ability.

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    Retroviral vector transfection of mouse bone marrow cells
    Wang Cun-bang, Bai Hai, Xi Rui, Zhang Qian, Zhou Jin-mao, Zhao Qiang, Pan Yao-zhu
    2011, 15 (40):  7437-7440.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.007
    Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (630KB) ( 325 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Gene transfer of exogenous cells should be done for convenient and accurate detection of exogenous cell survival in the body.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the gene transfer efficiency of bone marrow cells of BALB/C×C57BL F1 mice mediated by retroviral vector and stimulated with cytokines.
    METHODS: The viral supernatants were harvested with PA317-GCGPXSN and detected with NIH3T3. Then gene transfer of experimental group was made on bone marrow cells from BALB/C×C57BL F1 mice as target cells which were stimulated by stem cell factor, interleukin 3, interleukin 6. The gene transfer efficiency was detected by flow cytometry and PCR. Negative group was not treated with gene transfer. Positive group used PA317-GCGPXSN cells as target cells.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①The viral titers were 1.9×108 CFU/L. ②The gene transfer efficiency of the experiment group was 76.04%, whereas that of the control group was 0.63%, there was obviously statistical difference (P < 0.01). PCR amplification procured the specific NeoR gene fragments. Results verified that this method can transfer exogenous gene into bone marrow cell genome of BALB/C×C57BL F1 mice efficiently.

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    Enhanced green fluorescent protein gene-modified human bone marrow stromal cells induced by lentivirus
    Tang Hao, Xiang Yong-sheng, Qin Ling-sha, Jiang Xiao-dan, Xu Ru-xiang, Chen Zhen-zhou
    2011, 15 (40):  7441-7445.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.008
    Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (811KB) ( 318 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Transfection of primary culture cells is an important investigation field on cell biology, but the low transfection rate is one of the main obstacles which have limited its development and utility for a long time. Lentivirus transfection has become a good method because of its unique advantages in transfection of primary culture cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of transfection of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) with lentivirus mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene.
    METHODS: The hBMSCs were transfected by lentivirus carrying EGFP gene (LV-EGFP) at different MOI values under fetal bovine serum medium or serum-free condition respectively. The expressions of EGFP in these cells were observed for a long-term. These gene-modified cells were transplanted into the striatum rats of stereotaxicly. Survive of the grafted cells and EGFP expressions were detected by fluorescent microscope.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 48 hours of transfection, green fluorescent protein was successfully detected in hBMSCs. Transfection efficiency of cells in serum-free medium was higher than that in serum medium. The transfected hBMSCs could persistently express EGFP and had no obvious decline of fluorescence during 2-month culture in vitro. The EGFP positive cells could survive in the rat corpus striatum for more than 2 months and express EGFP persistently. Lentivirus is an efficient vector for gene modification of hBMSCs. Lentivirus mediated EGFP gene transfection can be used as efficient trance marker for hBMSCs transplantation study in vivo.

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    Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human cord blood in vitro
    Wang Hao, Wei Dong-xing
    2011, 15 (40):  7446-7449.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.009
    Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 292 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Negative screening for immune cells can remove the effect of hematopoietic stem cells on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells, with rapid access to obtain cell populations to express mesenchymal stem cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the osteogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells from human cord blood.
    METHODS: The mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by immunomagnetic beads from cord blood. P2 cells were to study the ability of osteogenesis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human cord blood mesenchymal stem cells presented spindle shape and reached confluence within 3 weeks. The phenotypes were CD44+, CD29+, CD166+, CD34-. In osteogenic experiment, the cells’ alkaline phosphatase expression was positive, and hydroxyapatite nodules were detected by Von-Kossa staining. The human cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

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    Culture, large-scale expansion and biocompatibility of endothelial colony forming cells
    Chen Chao, Yang Shu-hua, Feng Yong, Chen Dong, Yu Qian, Wang Xiao-hong
    2011, 15 (40):  7450-7454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.010
    Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (1558KB) ( 294 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There is still uncertain about in vitro culture and expansion of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and its application in tissue engineering.
    OBJECTIVE: To elucidate a method for in vitro culture, identification and large-scale expansion of ECFCs and to investigate its biocompatibility with biological material.
    METHODS: Monocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation from human umbilical cord blood, in vitro cultured and expanded in EGM-2 medium on tissue culture plates precoated with type I rat tail collagen. Then cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining. The growth kinetics, tube formation capacity and biocompatibility with nano-hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) were observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During culture, the cells displayed cobble-stone morphology with outgrowth, took up DiI-Ac-LDL, bound FITC-UEA-1, and stained positively for cell markers CD31, vWF, KDR and Tie-2. These cells demonstrated high proliferation rate after passage, formed closed network structures on Matrigel and the bioactivity remained stable when co-cultured with HA/TCP. Results indicate it is feasible to isolate and large-scale expand ECFCs from human umbilical cord blood in vitro and ECFCs may serve as seed cells in tissue engineering.

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    Differentiation of multipotent stem cells derived from Wharton’s Jelly into endothelial cells and myocardial cells
    Tan Qiang, Ma Chun-peng, Wang Qing-sheng, Qi Xi-ming, Sun Li-min, Zou Xiao-yi, Liu Dong-tian, Bian Qiu-wu
    2011, 15 (40):  7455-7458.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.011
    Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (1044KB) ( 240 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There are plenty of multipotent stem cells in Wharton’s Jelly that is a good stem cell resource. This kind of stem cell has the feasibility of low immunity and high proliferation.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of multipotent stem cells derived from Wharton’s Jelly differentiating into endothelial cells and myocardial cells.
    METHODS: Multipotent stem cells were isolated from Wharton’s Jelly using the attached method.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometer results showed that multipotent stem cells were positive for CD105, CD73, CD90, CD44, CD54, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD106 and CD133. Multipotent stem cells isolated from Wharton’s Jelly could swallow ac-LDL and bind UEA-1 after addition of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast factor. After 5-azacytidine induction, troponin Ⅰ and β-myoglobulin were positive in myocardial cells. The findings indicate that a mass of stem cells can be obtained from Wharton’s Jelly, which can differentiate into endothelial cells and myocardial cells in vitro.

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    5-azacytidine induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes in vitro
    Tang Xin, Wang Yan, Yi Hai-bo, Pang Tian-shu
    2011, 15 (40):  7459-7462.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.012
    Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 431 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies addressing the induced effect of different-concentration 5-azacytidine on the in vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into cardiomyocytes are fewer.
    OBJECTIVE: To select a suitable concentration of 5-azacytidine to induce differentiatiown of hUC-MSCs into cardiomyocytes in vitro.
    METHODS: Second passage hUC-MSCs were cultured in culture medium containing different -concentration 5-azacytidine (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L, respectively). After incubating for 24 hours, the medium was changed to complete medium without 5-azacytidine. Thereafter, the cells were cultivated for 4 weeks. Two weeks after the cells were treated with 5-azacytidine, cardiac troponin Ⅰ was assayed by immunohistochemical methods and the ratio of positive cells for cardiac troponin Ⅰ was counted.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seven days after hUC-MSCs were treated with 5-azacytidine, the cellular morphology began to change. The cells arranged closely and in parallel. The cellular morphology of 40 and 80 μmol/L groups changed obviously. At 4 weeks, the refraction and activity of cultured cells declined in the 40 and 80 μmol/L groups, and some of the cells died. At 2 weeks, cardiac troponin Ⅰ was positive for hUC-MSCs in 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L groups and negative in 2.5 μmol/L and control groups. The ratio of positive cells for cardiac troponin Ⅰ in 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L groups was significantly higher than that of
    5 μmol/L group (P < 0.05). l0 μmol/L 5-azacytidine is the optimal concentration for hUC-MSCs differentiation into cardiomyoctyes.

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    Immunoregulatory effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells on proliferation of T lymphocytes through paracrine mechanism
    Xu Li-nan, Yao Zhi-cheng, Lin Nan, Hu Kun-peng, Zhong Yue-si
    2011, 15 (40):  7463-7466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.013
    Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (1305KB) ( 258 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have a certain role in immune regulation, but the exact mechanism is unknown.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of UCB-MSCs on T lymphocytes by paracrine mechanism.
    METHODS: We isolated the UCB-MSCs and T lymphocytes from the umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood. Indirect coculture system of UCB-MSCs and T lymphocytes with different proportion was constructed. The group of coculture acted as experiment group, the group of monoculture T lymphocytes as control group.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: UBC-MSCs presented a shuffle-type growth which liked the fibroblast in morphology; the flow cytometry showed the results of cellular surface marks: CD29(+), CD44(+), CD34(-), CD45(-), HLA-DR(-). Compared with the control group, the experiment group could dramatically inhibit the proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the concentration of interleukin-10 secreted by UCB-MSCs was significantly higher in the experiment group than the control group (P < 0.05). The ability of UBC-MSCs to inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes was sharply impaired by neutralization experiments. UCB-MSCs can dramatically inhibit the proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, which may depend on paracrine interleukin-10 to play an immunoregulatory role.

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    Islet-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord co-cultured with rat pancreatic cells for transplantation to control
    Wang Guang-yu, Zhao Fang, Hao Yong-lei, Zhu Lü-yun, Li Xiao-ling, Hu Li-ye, Ma Li-cheng, Shan Wei, Yang Shao-ling
    2011, 15 (40):  7467-7474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.014
    Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (666KB) ( 300 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton’s Jelly of the human umbilical cord can induce differentiation into islet-like cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To verify the possibility of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with rat pancreatic cells differentiate into islet-like cells, and to observe the effects of transplantation of islet-like cells on blood glucose of diabetic rats.
    METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton’s Jelly of the human umbilical cord was separated, induced, passaged, and co-cultured with pancreatic cells to induce differentiation into islet-like clusters. Rats were divided into the normal control, model and experimental groups. Rats in the model group were prepared for diabetic models, and those in the experimental group were transplanted islet-like cells after model preparation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were cells crawled out of cultured Wharton’s Jelly of the human umbilical cord, and morphology of adhered cells turned into fusiform shape at 7 days. The isolated cells are characterized by expressing specific surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD44, CD29, CD105, but not expressing CD34, CD45 or CD14. The cells were strongly stained by PDX-1 and human insulin at 7 and 10 days. Compared with the simple culture group, the expression of human insulin and concentration of C-peptide were obviously increased; PDX-1 and human insulin mRNA expressions were highly expressed at 7 and 10 days after induction. Compared with the model group, the streptozotocin test of rats in the experimental group was obvious decreased (P < 0.01), but extremely higher than that of the normal control group at 1 week after transplantation (P < 0.01). Brdu positive nuclei and insulin positive kytoplasms could be seen in the experimental group at 8 weeks after transplantation. The results demonstrated that, umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells existed in Wharton’s Jelly. The co-cultured cells promote mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into islet-like cells, which can dramatically decrease blood glucose in diabetic rats.

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    Application of cycling perfusion seeding method in bone tissue engineering of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Li Min, Li Wei-wei, Yang Bing, Li Xiao-gang, Qi Nian-min
    2011, 15 (40):  7475-7479.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.015
    Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (2320KB) ( 344 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: A set of modular three-dimensional perfusion bioreactor system was pre-designed in the previous studies, which has be initially applied for implantation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into a three-dimensional non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber sheet carrier in bone tissue engineering.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of self-made cycling perfusion seeding method for human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) seeded on PET sheet carrier.
    METHODS: Primary hUCMSCs were cultured and passaged. The fifth passage of cells were characterized by determining their surface antigen using a flow cytometry and then seeded onto three-dimentional PET disc scaffolds by static seeding method and cycling perfusion seeding method (low perfusion rate and high perfusion rate).
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hUCMSCs of the fifth passage were steady in the cell shapes, with good viability and highly expressed CD90, CD105, while were negative for CD14, CD45. The cycling perfusion seeding method was superior to the static seeding method in the seeding efficiency, cell density and proliferative ability. Dehydrogenase activity and delayed period of cells seeded by using the cycling perfusion seeding method with high perfusion rate were better than those by using the static seeding method. Alkaline phosphatase activity was also higher in the cycling perfusion seeding method group than the static seeding method. The data suggested that the cycling perfusion seeding method is more suitable for hUCMSCs bone tissue engineering and further optimization of this method is needed.

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    In vivo construction of vascularized tissue engineering adipose via adipose-derived stem cells and exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor carrier complex in vivo
    Li Hong-mian, Gao Jian-hua, Wu Tao, Zhao Pei-ran, Liang Shuang-wu
    2011, 15 (40):  7480-7484.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.016
    Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1627KB) ( 353 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Revascularization mechanism is the decisive factor for the successful construction of tissue engineering adipose tissue.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the feasibility of construction of vasuclarized tissue engineering adipose via adipose-derived stem cells and exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) carrier complex in vivo.
    METHODS: Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy adult after liposuction, and primary culture and subculture of ADSCs were conducted. After being induced towards adipocytes for 2 weeks, 5× 1010/L passage 3 cell suspension labeled by BrdU was prepared. The experiment was divided into two groups: group A (experimental group) complex in which 0.5 mL cell suspension, 100 μL VEGF and 0.5 mL fibrin glue were implanted into the subcutaneous fascia of nude mice; group B (control group) complex in which 0.5 mL cell suspension, 100 μL DMEM and 0.5 mL fibrin glue were implanted into the subcutaneous fascia of nude mice.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight weeks after operation, neogenetic vessels grew into the scaffolds and mild fiber encapsulation was observed in group A, while few vessels grew into the scaffolds and also mild fiber encapsulation was observed in group B. The wet weight of cambium in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed the formation of neogenetic adipose tissues and the growth of micrangium in the implant. The number of micro vessels in group A was greater than that in group B (P < 0.01). The immunofluorescence staining of cambium showed that the cell nucleus of regenerated adipocytes and partial capillary endothel ium in groups A and B presented green fluorescence. It is feasible to prepare vasuclarized tissue engineering adipose via ADSCs and exogenous VEGF carrier complex in vivo. ADSCs and exogenous VEGF participate in neovascularization of neogenetic adipose tissue.

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    Promotional effects of autogeneic platelet-rich plasma on in vitro and in vivo osteoblastic ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Yang Min, Wang Jian, Wang Qiang
    2011, 15 (40):  7485-7488.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.017
    Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (1730KB) ( 292 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can promote in vitro rapid transformation of osteoblastic phenotype.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PRP on in vitro and in vivo osteoblastic ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs).
    METHODS: ADSCs form rabbits in passage 3 were cultured by osteogenic induction culture medium (control group) or osteogenic induction culture medium containing 10 mL/L PRP. ADSCs of passage 3 were implanted into hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) scaffold and cultured by osteogenic induction culture medium with or without
    10 mL/L PRP to detect the bone formation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alkaline phosphatase activity increased to the maximal level on day 14 in the PRP group and on day 18 in the control group, and then gradually declined, but remained a relative high level until to day 28. Histologically Von Kossa staining showed that a lot of mineralized bone nodules which stained black adhered to the wall of inside porous scaffold in two groups. A large number of calcium deposits were found. Toluidine blue dye showed that new bone formed in the pores, which was greater in the surrounding area than in the central area. The amount of in vitro calcium deposits was greater in the control group, and the amount of new bone was more in the PRP group than the control group (P < 0.05). PRP could effectively speed up the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro and induce bone formation in vivo.

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    Poly-L-lysine bio-effects on the three-dimensional culture of rat adipose-derived stem cells
    Lu Tan, Li Xiao-wei, Zhang Jiang-feng, Xu Hai-bin
    2011, 15 (40):  7489-7492.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.018
    Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (1691KB) ( 335 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Poly-L-lysine (PLL) can increase the adhesion, growth and proliferation of chondrocytes and epidermal cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological effects of PLL on three -dimensional cultured rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).
    METHODS: The molecular markers (CD29, CD34, CD44 and CD45) of ADSCs were detected by flow cytometry, and then ADSCs were cultured on coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) coated with PLL or not, respectively.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CD29 and CD44 antigens could be detected, but the CD34 and CD45 were negative. The number of cells of PLL group was more than that of blank group, the PLL group’s determination value of MTT was increased significantly which was compared with those of the blank group (P < 0.05) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase was not increased significantly (P > 0.05). The PLL can apparently increase the capacity of ADSCs adhesion, growth and proliferation, and cannot influence the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

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    Isolation, culture and biological characteristics of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
    Bi Wei-wei, Li Chao, Song Guang-ze
    2011, 15 (40):  7493-7496.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.019
    Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (2616KB) ( 427 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are taken from fat tissue obtained by liposuction aspirates, which can be repeatedly drawn, and there are adequate sources of raw materials.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish the isolation and culture method of MSCs derived from human adipose in vitro, and to explore their biological properties.
    METHODS: Separation by collagen enzyme digestion was used to obtain MSCs from human adipose that were cultured in vitro until the cells reached 80% confluence and passaged. The P3, P7, P10 generation cells were collected to observe and analyze the cell growth curve. The surface markers of the P5 generation cells were detected by using flow cytometry. The P4 cells were induced into osteoblasts in vitro. The cryopreserved passage cells were recovered respectively in 2 and 6 months to detect cell survival rate after resuscitation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Primary cells adhered to the wall at 3 days, then started the swift growth and formed the colony after 6 days, and reached 80%-90% fusions at 11 days, showing the desmoid shape. After passage, the cells maintained desmoid shape. The passage cells growth curves had the common characteristics: latent period was 24-48 hours, logarithm multiplication period was 3-4 days, and the cells entered the platform period at 5-6 days after the logarithm multiplication period. The flow cytometry examination showed that the expressions of CD34, CD14, HLA-DR were negative, CD44, CD105, CD13 were positive, and HLA-ABC were weakly positive on the surface of MSCs. After the recovery, the cell survival percentage reached above 90%; compared with the uncryopreserved passage cells, the cryopreserved passage cells had the same growth characteristics.

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    Leukemia inhibitory factor decreases the apoptosis of neurons and promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells
    Li Ya-dan, Lin Yu-feng, Zang Da-wei
    2011, 15 (40):  7497-7500.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.020
    Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (595KB) ( 267 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) can enhance the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (ENSCs), and change their differentiation direction, but no studies have domenstrated whether LIF can affect neuronal apoptosis.
    OBJECTIVE: To detect the neuron apoptosis and the proliferation of ENSCs in mouse models after LIF administration. 
    METHODS: Thirty-two c57BL mice were randomized into sham-operation group, LIF group, Parkinson’s disease (PD) group and control group. Except the control group, mice in the other groups were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine to make PD models. LIF group received ALZET osmium pump duct implantation, and infused with normal saline containing LIF (25 μg/kg) into the cerebrospinal fluid. PD group received ALZET osmium pump duct implantation, and only infused with normal saline into the cerebrospinal fluid. Sham-operation group received ALZET osmium pump duct implantation without the pump duct.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: LIF group showed a statistically significant improvement in motor functioin, compared with PD group; the number of ENSCs increased and the number of apoptosis neurons decreased significantly in the LIF group compared with PD group. It is possible that LIF is a neurotrophic factor for effectively rebuilding the degenerated central nervous system.

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    Intravenous application of busulfan in the conditioning regimen of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    Yao Zhi-juan, Meng Qing-xiang, Zhang Hong-yu, Wang Jun, Zhang Wen-li, Wen Juan-juan, Guo Nai-lan
    2011, 15 (40):  7501-7504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.021
    Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (420KB) ( 272 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Busulfan is commonly used in bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation pretreatment, which is mainly metabolized in the liver.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the conditioning regimen using intravenous busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant hematopathy.
    METHODS: A total of 43 patients receiving intravenous busulfan as conditioning regimen were included to observe regimen-related toxicity (hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, mucositis), engraftment time, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), overall survival, and leukemia relapse.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thirty-one patients (72%) had a rise in the level of alanine aminotransferase. Untypical hepatic veno-occlusive syndrome occurred in 2 patients (5%). One patient had numbness on a couple of hands. Twenty-six patients (60%) had mucositis. The engraftment time of neutrophil was 16 days and that of platelet was 12 days. Delayed platelet engraftment was in 2 cases of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The occurrence of aGVHD Ⅰ-Ⅱ was 63% (24/38). The overall survival was 72% (31/43). The relapsed rate was 23% (10/43). The conditioning regimen with intravenous busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was effective and safe, and patients had better tolerance.

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    Effects of ganglioside combined with neural stem cells transplantation on the neurologic function of rats with traumatic brain injury
    Li Hong-xing, Yuan Guo-fu, Jin Yao-dong, Wang Jing, Zhao Zong-mao
    2011, 15 (40):  7505-7510.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.022
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 377 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Ganglioside (GM1), through activation of neurotrophic factors, inhibits the damage of toxic products to neurons and reduces nerve cell death induced by excitatory amino acids to play a role in nerve cell repair.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation and GM1 on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
    METHODS: Healthy Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: TBI group; NSCs transplantation group; NSCs transplantation+ GM1 group. AQP4 mRNA and AQP4 expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot at 4 day after TBI. The neurological defect scores were determined 24 hours, 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after TBI. The Morris water maze test was tested on days 21-28 after TBI. The immunohistochemistry and pathology changes were checked after 4 weeks.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of AQP4 mRNA and AQP4 were highest in the TBI group, higher in the NSCs transplantation group and lowest in the NSCs transplantation+ GM1 group (P < 0.05). At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after TBI, the neurological defect scores were lower in the NSCs transplantation group than those in the TBI group (P < 0.05), and significantly lower in the NSCs transplantation+GM1 group than those in the TBI group (P < 0.01); The average time of escape latency was gradually decreased in each group. However, from the 3rd to 5th day, it was much shorter in the NSCs transplantation+GM1 group than in the TBI group (P < 0.01) and shorter in the NSCs transplantation+GM1 group than in NSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). In addition, the frequency platform passing in the NSCs transplantation+GM1 group and the percentage of swimming distance traveled in the previous target quadrant was significantly greater than those of the TBI group and NSCs transplantation group. The number of neurons in the NSCs transplantation+GM1 group was higher than that in the NSCs transplantation group and TBI group (P < 0.05). GM1 combined with neural stem cells transplantation can significantly improve the neurological function in the rats with TBI. 

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    In vitro differentiation of mesencephalic neural stem cells induced by glial-derived neurotrophic factor under hypoxia
    Ding Ji-gu, Ding Wen-jie
    2011, 15 (40):  7511-7514.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.023
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 280 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: During neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, the number of transplanted cells and differentiation ratio of dopaminergic neurons must be resolved. Effective in vitro proliferation of neural stem cells and large amount of directed differentiation of dopaminergic neurons are the key to solve above-mentioned problems.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiation of mesencephalic neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons during the hypoxia induced by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in vitro.
    METHODS: Ventral midbrain tissue isolated from embryonic mice of pregnant 12 days was made into single cell suspension and cultured in non-serum medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and B27, and then proliferated under normoxia or hypoxia for 5-7 days followed by incubation in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum or 10% fetal bovine serum + 1 g/L GDNF.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the hypoxia environment, the number of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from mesencephalic neural stem cells especially induced by GDNF was higher than that under normoxia. It indicated that under the hypoxia environment, GDNF can induce mesencephalic neural stem cells differentiating into dopaminergic neurons with enough quantity, mature shape and function.

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    In vivo tracking superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled adipose derived stem cells to repair rabbit degenerated intervertebral disc
    Jiang Xin-hua, Chen Jian-yu, Cai Zhao-xi, Zhang Ya, Liu Zhen-zhen, Xie Chuan-miao, Wu Yao-pan, Wu Pei-hong
    2011, 15 (40):  7515-7519.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.024
    Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (1764KB) ( 334 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated fluorescent labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, but few reports have addressed in vivo tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeled adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and its contribution to repair degenerated intervertebral disc.
    OBJECTIVE: To In vivo track transplanted SPIO labeled ADSCs survival and migration by MRI, and to investigate the contribution of ADSCs to repair degenerative intervertebral disc.
    METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups: normal group (L1/2), ADSCs group (L2/3), PBS group (L3/4), SPIO-labeled ADSCs group (L4/5). X-ray photograph, MR scanning and histopathological examination were done in time interval after SPIO labeled ADSC was transplanted.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: SPIO labeled ADSCs transplanted intervertebral disc showed low signal intensity on T2WI/FFE, and low signal intensity remained on T2WI/FFE even after 8 weeks in transplanted SPIO labeled ADSC intervertebral disc. Compared with the PBS group, ADSCs group showed a lesser extent degeneration. SPIO labeled ADSCs transplanted intervertebral disc can be tracked by MRI; ADSCs transplantation is effective in regeneration of degenerated intervertebral disc.

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    Tail vein injection of bone marrow stromal cells versus intraperitoneal injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of cerebral infarction in rats
    Gu Ping, Zhang Zhong-xia, Zhou Mei-gang, Wang Yan-yong, Dong Ci, Cui Dong-sheng, Geng Yuan, Wang Ming-wei
    2011, 15 (40):  7520-7524.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.025
    Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1292KB) ( 283 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) possess the potency of transverse differentiation and the character of nerve formation. There are a few researches at intravenous BMSCs and intraperitoneal injection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize stem cells on treatment of cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) in rats.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of tail vein injection of BMSCs versus intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF in the treatment of cerebral infarction in rats.
    METHODS: In this experiment, modified Zea-longa suture method was applied on the SD rats to block the middle cerebral artery, thus to establish the model of cerebral infarction. BMSCs were injected via the tail vein and G-CSF was injected intraperitoneally at 24 hours after modeling.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cognitive and motor function could be improved by G-CSF of intraperitoneal injection and BMSCs of tail vein injection in rats. The improvement of cognitive and motor function of MCAO rats of G-CSF was significantly higher than that of BMSCs by the tail vein injection. At 7 and 14 days after transplantation, the infarct area in rats undergoing BMSCs transplantation was bigger than that of rats undergoing G-CSF (P < 0.05), and the number of BrdU positive cells in the G-CSF group was higher than that in the BMSCs group (P < 0.05). G-CSF can promote BMSCs to migrate to the corpus callosum. The results suggest that the method of G-CSF by mobilizing BMSCs may be better than BMSCs transplantation alone for treatment of cerebral ischemia.

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    Influence of stem cells transplantation on cochlear structure and hearing function of guinea pigs
    Chen Guan-gui, Xu Hui-qing
    2011, 15 (40):  7525-7528.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.026
    Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (1403KB) ( 334 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: It has been proved that the influence to cochlear structure and hearing function is mild after gene therapy by virus or non-virus vector via cochlear micro-windowing.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes in function and structure of recipients inner ear of the normal guinea pigs by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) via cochlear micro-windowing.
    METHODS: The normal guinea pigs were divided into three groups randomly. Group 1 served as a negative control without any intervention, group 2 were performed micro-windowing without any injection, and group 3 were injected BMMSCs labeled by DAPI. Preoperative and postoperative ABR audibility thresholds were compared between and within groups. Cochlear structures were evaluated by microscopic examination of paraffin sections cut after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The distribution and survival of transplanted cells was evaluated by fluorescence microscope.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Auditory brainstem response thresholds elevated significantly 7 days after operation in group 2 and group 3 as compared with group 1, but recovered within 28 days. No distinct structural alternations were found in cochlear paraffin sections. Most transplanted cells were found in the scala tympani and scala vestibule. The influence to hearing function and cochlear structure was mild after transplantation of BMMSCs via cochlear micro-windowing. The grafted cells could survive in the cochleas and had the potential to migrate.

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    Raising purity of adipose tissue-derived stem cells by purifying adipose tissue in the laboratory
    Song Xiao-fei, Fu Qiang
    2011, 15 (40):  7529-7532.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.027
    Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (1200KB) ( 255 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In the past, only vascular tissues on fat surface were removed during the primary culture of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) reported in most literatures. However, blood vessels within the fat tissues, especially the lymph nodes around the blood vessels removed little.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of raising purity of cultured ADSCs in the laboratory through purifying adipose tissues.
    METHODS: Adipose tissues derived from rat inguinal groove were divided into two parts: one for purifying, rejecting superficial blood vessel, skins and muscular tissues, rejecting blood vessel inside and surrounding elliptic nodal tissues; the other one only for rejecting superficial blood vessels and possible adherent skins and muscular tissues outside. Primary culture of ADSCs was performed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Elliptic nodal tissues stained by hematoxylin-eosin were proved to be lymphatic tissues under microscope. The cells cultured from purified adipose tissues were uniformity. Cell photos, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry results can prove that the cell’s purity from the purified adipose tissues was higher than that from the unpurified adipose tissues. The purity of primary cultured ADSCs can be improved by purifying adipose tissues in the laboratory.

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    Comparison of different methods to isolate 3.5-day and 4-day blastocysts from Kunming mice
    Shao Xiao-yun, Xu Shao-ye
    2011, 15 (40):  7533-7536.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.028
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1287KB) ( 237 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Outbreed Kunming mice as the main experimental animals for natural science research in China have a low successful rate in establishment of embryonic stem cell line.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of isolation and culture of murine embryonic stem cells and the best time to collect embryos of Kunming species.
    METHODS: Blastocysts obtained from 3.5-day and 4-day embryos after mating were treated with intact embryo cultivation and immuosurgery. Inner cell masses were isolated and cultured on a feeder layer of mouse embryo fobroblasts (MEF). And colony growth was observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adherent rate of inner cell mass by inatact embryo cultural method were higher than those by immunosurgical method from 4-day (P< 0.05), but in the rate of primary colony formation, the latter was better than the former. And, in the rate of primary colony formation, 4-day was better than 3.5-day by intact embryo culture method (P < 0.05). By immunosurgical method, adherent rate of inner cell mass and the rate of primary colony formation from 4-day were higer than those of 3.5-day (P < 0.05). Immunosurgical method to isolate 4-day embryos is helpful to culture embryonic stem cells of Kunming mice in vitro.

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    Relationship of CD44+ tumor cells and S-phase marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen in colorectal carcinoma
    Wang Fu-rong, Liu Bin, Su Qin-jun, Yang Yan-li, Qian Zhen, Shi Min
    2011, 15 (40):  7537-7540.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.029
    Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 411 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: An ideal surface marker of cancer stem cells has not been found in colorectal carcinoma and it is very useful to find cancer stem cells in G0/G1 phase accurately by detecting the cell cycle. 
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CD44 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the relationship between CD44+ tumor cells and S-phase marker PCNA in colorectal carcinoma.
    METHODS: The expression of CD44 and PCNA were detected by tissue chip, immunohistochemical staining and double immunohistochemical staining methods in 61 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 10 cases of normal mucosa.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In colorectal carcinoma, the number of PCNA+ tumor cells was remarkably more than that of CD44+ cells. There were two kinds of morphous of CD44+ tumor cells: one presented with bigger vacuolus nucleus, chromatin margination, clear nuclear membrane and nucleolus, and most of these tumor cells expressed PCNA; Another showed smaller nucleus, chromatin dense, and partly expressed PCNA. In most cases, more than 90% of CD44+ tumor cells were PCNA+, but just (3.38±2.08)% showed PCNA-. In colorectal carcinoma, most of CD44+ tumor cells expressed PCNA and stayed in S-phase. Just few CD44+/PCNA- staying in G0/G1 phase may be cancer stem cells.

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    Construction of Nesprin genome RNAi lentiviral vector
    Yang Wen-gang, Xue Song, Lian Feng, Wang Yong-yi, Huang Ri-tai, Zhu Hong-sheng
    2011, 15 (40):  7541-7544.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.030
    Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1129KB) ( 284 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Nesprin protein absence can affect the cytoskeletal tissue and homeostasis, causing the loss of cytoskeleton rigidity or leading to premature aging of cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of Nesprin protein on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through designing Nesprin siRNA lentiviral vector.
    OBJECTIVE: To construct Nesprin-siRNA lentiviral vector.
    METHODS: According to the target gene sequence of Nesprin, four pairs of miRNA oligo were designed and annealed into double-stranded DNA identified by sequence. siRNA interference with the four kinds of plasmids (SR-1, SR-2, SR-3, SR-4) were transformed into rat vascular smooth muscle cells to screen the most effective sequence; In order to get the sequence started with interfering carrier by RT-PCR and western-blot, we let the best interfering sequence carriers and pDONR221 to react together. Then entry vectors and lentiviral vectors to express the purpose of pLenti6/V5-DEST response was to restructure the sequence containing interference lentiviral expression vector. Lentiviral vector containing interfering sequence was co-transfected 293T cells to package lentivirus. The virus titer was determined by the expression level of GFP protein in 293T cells. Lentivirus was used to transfect rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sequencing confirmed the successful construction of Nesprin siRNA lentiviral vector LV-siNesprin. The best interference with miRNA plasmid selected by RT-PCR and western-blot was SR-3. The virus titer for lentiviral packaging and concentrating suspension of the activity was 106 TU / ml. The expression of Nesprin protein decreased in transfected cells.By certain conditions, Nesprin-siRNA lentiviral vector can be successfully constructed.

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    Transition of Cleaved Notch1 protein and gene expression changes in myeloblastic leukemia cells stimulated with Notch ligands
    Fu Lu, Wu Ai-min, Li Jie, Wu Yue, Zhang Yun-ping, Xin Xiao-min
    2011, 15 (40):  7545-7548.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.031
    Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (515KB) ( 285 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Notch activation by ligand stimulation regulates the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this have not been fully elucidated.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cleavage of Notch1 protein and gene expression in the leukemia cell lines stimulated with Notch ligands.
    METHODS: Two acute myeloid leukemia cell lines, THP-1 and TMD7, and three Notch ligands, Jagged1, Dll1 and Dll4, were used. The effects of the ligands on cell growth, cleavage of Notch1, and the expression of various genes were examined by cell culture, immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ligand stimulation suppressed the growth of the THP-1 cells but promoted that of the TMD7 cells. Immunoblots showed two Cleaved Notch1 bands, which became intense with different peak time from the start of stimulation. Ligand stimulation changed the expression levels of various genes related to cell proliferation. Some genes changed in opposite directions in the two cell lines. The three ligands had similar effects on gene expression.

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    Self-organization and branching morphogenesis of primary salivary epithelial cells under three-dimensional culture
    Wang Jun-sheng, Huang Gui-lin, Zhang Ni-ni, Yao Li, Tang Yue-peng
    2011, 15 (40):  7549-7553.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.032
    Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (677KB) ( 361 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: To understand self-assembly and branching of primary salivary epithelial cells will provide insights into reconstructing artifical salivary gland orgnoid.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the machanism of self-organization and branching mophogenesis of primary submandibular epithelial cells under three-dimensional condition.
    METHODS: The embryonic day 15 (E 15) mouse submandibular gland epithelium were inoculated in matrigel for 3-dimantional culture with/without (Group A/Group B) anti-E-cadherin and and anti-β-catenin. The contructs of these cells aggregation were observed under inverted microscope at days 1, 6, 12. The contructs were observed with cytokeratin 19 immunohistochemistry staining, and identified with Cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining and confocal microscopy.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The constructs were observed under inverted microscope and analyzed by antibody of cytokeratin 19 with immunohistochemistry, and identified with cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining and confocal microscopy. In Group A, branching morphogenesis and acinar-like structure were not observed. In Group B, these contructs could be formed at day 12. In Group A, weak green fruorescence of E-cadherin and β-catenin expressed weakly. In Group B, they expressed strongly, and in the cytoplasm. MOD was lower in Group A than Group B (P < 0.01). E-cadherin and β-catenin are two important factors during the embryonic submandibular salivary gland epithelium self-organization.

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    Effect of ultrasound-combined contrast agents on the produce of nitric oxide from endothelial progenitor cells
    Wang Xiu-zhu, Fan Guo-feng, Tong Jia-yi, Li Peng, Yang Fang
    2011, 15 (40):  7554-7557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.033
    Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (698KB) ( 266 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Animal studies have indicated ultrasound-combined contrast agents can significantly enhance the homing of bone marrow stem cells transplantation to treat myocardial infarction and improve heart function. But its mechanism is still unkown.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ultrasound-combined contrast agents on the nitric oxide (NO) production and pathway by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) ex vivo.
    METHODS: Bone marrow EPCs of Chinese minipigs were extracted, separated and cultured in vitro. The EPCs were divided to three groups: control group, ultrasound group and ultrasound-combined contrast agents group. After intervention, the NO concentration in the supernatant of EPCs and nitrogen synthase (NOS) relative activity were measured by nitrate reduction and spectroscopy, respectively.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, NO concentration in the supernatant of EPCs and NOS relative activity of EPCs were enhanced in the ultrasound-combined contrast agents group (P < 0.05), but no changed in ultrasound group (P > 0.05). Ultrasound-combined contrast agents increased the NO production in the solution containing L-arginine and hydrogene peroxide,, but single ultrasound had no effect. Results suggested that ultrasound-combined contrast agents can increase NO generation by enhancing the NOS activity and non-enzymatic NO synthesis of EPCs. These may be one of the mechanisms of the ultrasound-combined contrast agents enhancing the effect of stem cells transplanted to treat myocardial infarction.

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    Pathogenesis of diabetic foot and stem cells transplantation
    Yu Jiang-su, Wang Yan-gang
    2011, 15 (40):  7560-7564.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.035
    Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (610KB) ( 407 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation for treatment of diabetic foot is mainly based on in vivo differentiation of stem cells to vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells to secrete a large amount of angiogenic factors to form new blood vessels, improves and restores lower limb blood flow to achieve the purpose of treating lower limb ischemia.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize recent research achievements at pathogenesis of diabetic foot and stem cell transplantation and provide direction for further research.
    METHODS: We retrieved PubMed and Sciencedirect Databases for relevant articles published from January 1997 to January 2011. The key words were “diabeticfoot, lowerlimbischemia, neuropathy, microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, stem cell therapy” in English. Finally, a total of 32 articles were included.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord, fat tissue and amniotic fluid may be optimal choices by comparison of biological characteristics and transplantation effect with different sources of stem cells. The characteristics are easy to be obtained and separated, and possessing strong proliferative capacity. We need a further research with biological characteristics of stem cells, transplantation dose, opportunity, course and tumorigenicity, etc.

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    Bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature addressing stem cell transplantation research
    Wang Dong, Sun Yan, Sun Jin-li, Liang Shu-zhong
    2011, 15 (40):  7565-7568.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.036
    Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (652KB) ( 217 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Bibliometric analysis of stem cell transplantation research is rare.
    OBJECTIVE: In order to summarize the current status and frontier of stem cell transplantation, to analyze the stem cell transplantation literatures with the method of bibliometric analysis.
    METHODS: The stem cell transplantation literatures from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed based on Web of Science with the method of bibliometric analysis. The distribution of publication years, country, institution, journal, cited times were discussed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During 2001-01 to 2010-12, 22437 literatures addressing stem cell transplantation were added to SCI in an annual increase manner. Papers from China in 2010 were 406 fewer than those of the United States (486). The United States had the most papers, 11 core research institutions and 13 kinds of core journals and 12 article classical literatures in stem cell transplantation area. The dynamic and development trend of stem cell transplantation was drawn, which provide some proposes for China's in-depth research.

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    Bone marrow stromal stem cells for bone nonunion
    Chen Dong-xu, Bo Zhan-dong
    2011, 15 (40):  7569-7572.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.037
    Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (580KB) ( 408 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Stem cells are primitive, unspecialized cells with two main characteristics: the ability for self-renewal indefinitely and the ability to differentiate into distinct lineages of mature cells including osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Simultaneously, bone marrow stromal stem cells are suitable seed cells in bone tissue engineering.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the advantage of bone marrow stromal stem cells as seed cells via direct transplantation or its complex stent or transgene for repair of nonunion.
    METHODS: Biomedical Bibliographic Database in Western Journals and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for articles concerning bone nonunion, culture and application of bone marrow stromal stem cells to bone nonunion as well as bone tissue engineering published from 1998 to 2011. The key words were “bone marrow stromal stem cells, nonunions, repairing, tissue engineering”. Repetitive articles were excluded. Finally, 23 articles were further summarized.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This article summarized the progress in nonunion and the preponderance of bone marrow stromal stem cells as seed cells, isolation and culture of bone marrow stromal stem cells, osteogenic induction of bone marrow stromal stem cells and repair of nonunion using bone marrow stromal stem cells. The methods bring light prospects for the treatment of nonunion, such as percutaneous implantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow stromal stem cells as seed cells combined with suitable stent materials, or bone marrow stromal stem cells as target cells to introduce endogenous target gene to induce osteogenic formation. However, some problems require further investigations, including purification of bone marrow stromal stem cells, proliferation and suitable condition for differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells, percutaneous implantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the body is easily lost, so perhaps they cannot form an effective cell concentration at the implanting site; Scaffolds do not completely meet the clinical demand, as well as how to combine bone tissue engineering and gene therapy.

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    Stem cells and tissues transplantation in the treatment of hypothyroidism
    Liao Hong-qun
    2011, 15 (40):  7573-7576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.038
    Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (622KB) ( 527 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Scientific researchers carry on the long-term unremitting research about hypothyroidism non-drug therapy, especially stem cell and tissue transplantation for treatment of hypothyroidism, which has obtained the certain results.
    OBJECTIVE: To overview the research progress of stem cells and tissue transplantation for treatment of hypothyroidism.
    METHODS: The author retrieved PubMed database and Wanfang database (1980/2010) for articles about stem cells transplantation and thyroid transplantation in the treatment of hypothyroidism.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous thyroid tissue transplantation for irreversible hypothyroidism has a certain effect, but there are many shortcomings, such as how much thyroid tissue is required to maintain the normal function of the thyroid, which needs the evaluation based on long-term follow-up and large-sample studies. Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells  may towards thyroid cells in vitro, but reject reaction and ethical issues are puzzle. As a kind of pluripotent stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) exhibit abundant source, simple collection, preservation and transport with no allograft injection or ethical issues. UCB-MSCs can differentiate into different lineage cells under specific culture conditions. UCB-MSCs are widely used to treat many diseases. Whether UCB-MSCs can be able to differentiate into thyroid cells under many specific culture conditions, and whether UCB-MSCs transplantation can be used to treat hypothyroidism, still need further studies.

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    Gene-modified stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease
    Yao Yong-zhao, Ma Xiang
    2011, 15 (40):  7577-7580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.039
    Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (552KB) ( 408 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Genetically modified stem cells in treating ischemic heart disease is one of the focus area of cardiovascular research after the simple stem cells therapy, and it may open a new and useful way for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the situation and progression about gene-modified stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease at present.
    METHODS: Databases of CNKI and Pubmed (2000-01/2010-12) were used to search the related articles about gene-modified stem cell therapy of ischemic heart disease. The keywords were “genetic, stem cells, myocardial infarction”. Finally, 29 articles related to genetically modified stem cells in treating ischemic heart disease were included.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the purpose of improving stem cells effect on ischemic heart disease, different gene are applied to modify stem cells and their surrounding environment to improve the stem cells and the corresponding traits in order to promote transplanted stem cell viability, promote angiogenesis of myocardial ischemia and peripheral tissues, improve vascular compliance, increase the coupling with host cardiomyocytes, and enhance the homing of stem cells. With the development of gene technology and stem cell application, stem cell therapy may be widely used in clinical treatment of ischemic heart disease.

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    Biological characteristics and clinical application of endothelial progenitor cells
    Du Li, Liu Kang-ding
    2011, 15 (40):  7581-7584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.040
    Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (582KB) ( 246 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells have been widely used in the research of ischemic diseases, and they can promote endothelial regeneration, repair vessels and promote new vessels formation in tissue.
    OBJECTIVE: To review research progress in biological characteristics and clinical application of endothelial progenitor cells.
    METHODS: We retrieved PubMed database with the key words of “endothelial progenitor cells, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, early endothelial progenitor cells, late endothelial progenitor cells” for relevant articles published from January 1997 to December 2010. Totally 219 literatures were screened out by computer, and finally 28 papers were involved in the analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endothelial progenitor cells are found in fetal liver, human umbilical cord blood, adult peripheral blood and bone marrow. Endothelial progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood are derived from bone marrow. In addition, in the heart, blood vessels, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissues, there is also presence of endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cells can promote endothelial regeneration, repair vessels and promote new vessels formation in tissue. They play an important role in fighting against stent restenosis. Compared to early endothelial progenitor cells, late endothelial progenitor cells are more likely to form capillaries, and have a wide range of application prospects for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.

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    Association of anoikis with epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells
    Jiang Xue-mei, Tao Cai-yun, Wan Shu-fang
    2011, 15 (40):  7585-7588.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.041
    Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (474KB) ( 295 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Epithelial originated epithelial cancer stem cells (eCSCs) may undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to the production of CSCs with mesenchymal features (mCSCs) that have been associated with anoikis resistance and the onset of metastatic diseases.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the biological feature of CSCs and their relationship between CSCs and EMT, anoikis.
    METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database and Wanfang database (1990-01/2010-12) for publications of cancer stem cells research with the key words of “epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs)”.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The induction of transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state has been implicated in enhanced migration and metastatic spread of tumor cells and may contribute to apoptosis and anoikis resistance. CSCs normally have characteristics associated with mesenchymal cells and also play a critical role in tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Strategies aiming at efficiently targeting CSCs are critical for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment and for evaluating new therapeutic agents. EMT may provide useful information to uncover the roles of these EMT regulators in generating and maintaining CSCs in tumorigenesis and metastasis and offer new avenues of therapeutic intervention with the potential to go beyond traditional anticancer approaches.

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    Effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on motor development of cerebral palsy children
    Chen Wen-ming, Hu Yun-xin, Yin Jing-yu, Lu Jian-jun, Wang Jian, Zou Qing-yan
    2011, 15 (40):  7589-7592.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.042
    Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (610KB) ( 301 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Previous clinic studies demonstrated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could play a role in treating nervous system diseases; however, the effect of BMSCs on treating cerebral palsy has been less reported.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of autologous BMSCs transplantation on the promotion of motor development in cerebral palsy children. 
    METHODS: A total of 34 cerebral palsy children were divided into control and treatment groups according to the wishes of their parents. Treatment group received autologous BMSCs transplantation plus rehabilitation training, while the control group only underwent rehabilitation training. The modified Gross Motor Function Classification Measure (GMFM) was performed before treatment and after 3 months treatment.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The GMFM scores increased significantly in the two groups after 3 months treatment (P < 0.01). The increment of GMFM scores in the treatment group was more than that in the control group after 3 months treatment. Autologous BMSCs transplantation is effective, and may play an active role in the motor development in cerebral palsy children.

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    ABO-incompatible peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 10 cases
    Jin Ha-si, Lu Yan-xia, Tao Ge Si Hua, Gong Li-ping, Mu Li-xin
    2011, 15 (40):  7593-7596.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.043
    Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (624KB) ( 429 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: During ABO-incompatible peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it is very important to observe the change of blood type of patients and to select correct blood type in transfusion.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect and short-term and long-term complications in ABO-incompatible allogeneic peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
    METHODS: Ten patients after ABO-incompatible peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were enrolled between 2005 and 2008. Transplantation effect, blood changes, graft-versus-host disease and adverse reactions were analyzed after the trasplantation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nine patients had hematological recovered after transplantation, and their blood types were changed to donors’ blood types. One patient had delayed red blood cell engraftment and developed pure red cell aplasia. One patient developed severe graft-versus-host disease. Transient hemoglobinuria, severe acute hemolysis and non-delayed hemolysis did not occur. ABO-incompatible peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has no apparent impact on transplant outcomes. Strategies to prevent and treat pure red cell aplasia are very important.

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    CD133 expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with colorectal cancer 
    Huang Ying-feng, Wei Ya-ming, Li Qiu-xian, Nie Yu-qiang, Gu Wei-li
    2011, 15 (40):  7597-7600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.40.044
    Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (576KB) ( 282 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: It has been reported recently that a higher CD133 positive expression in the peripheral blood of cancer patients was detected.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical value of CD133 mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer.
    METHODS: The flow cytometry method and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of CD133 mRNA and protein in peripheral blood samples which were from 20 controls and 29 patients with colorectal cancer.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CD133+ cell percentages in both peripheral blood samples of controls and colorectal cancer patients without metastasis were lower than those of colorectal cancer patients with metastasis (P < 0.01). RT-PCR results revealed 5 cases of positive CD133 mRNA expression in all 14 colorectal cancer patients with metastasis, and the positive ratio was 35.7%, in which run more than 38 PCR circles. The expression of CD133 in peripheral blood cells of colorectal cancer patients with metastasis is higher than that of normal controls and colorectal cancer patients without metastasis.

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