[1] Pham L, Beyer K, Jensen ED,et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the BMP antagonist, twisted gastrulation.J Cell Biochem. 2011;112(3):793-803. [2] Park SJ, Jung SH, Jogeswar G,et al. The transcription factor snail regulates osteogenic differentiation by repressing Runx2 expression. Bone. 2010;46(6):1498-1507.[3] Phinney DG, Prockop DJ. Concise review: mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells: the state of transdifferentiation and modes of tissue repair--current views.Stem Cells. 2007; 25(11):2896-2902.[4] Mason JJ, Williams BO. SOST and DKK: Antagonists of LRP Family Signaling as Targets for Treating Bone Disease. J Osteoporos. 2010;2010. pii: 460120.[5] Mizuno Y, Yagi K, Tokuzawa Y,et al. miR-125b inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by down-regulation of cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;368(2): 267-272.[6] Nusse R, Theunissen H, Wagenaar E,et al. The Wnt-1 (int-1) oncogene promoter and its mechanism of activation by insertion of proviral DNA of the mouse mammary tumor virus. Mol Cell Biol. 1990;10(8):4170-4179.[7] Wodarz A, Nusse R. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling in development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1998;14:59-88.[8] Rao TP, Kühl M. An updated overview on Wnt signaling pathways: a prelude for more. Circ Res. 2010;106(12): 1798-1806.[9] Cadigan KM, Liu YI. Wnt signaling: complexity at the surface. J Cell Sci. 2006;119(Pt 3):395-402.[10] Liu C, Li Y, Semenov M,et al. Control of beta-catenin phosphorylation/degradation by a dual-kinase mechanism. Cell. 2002;108(6):837-847.[11] He X, Semenov M, Tamai K,et al. LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling: arrows point the way. Development. 2004;131(8):1663-1677.[12] Zeng X, Huang H, Tamai K,et al. Initiation of Wnt signaling: control of Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 phosphorylation/activation via frizzled, dishevelled and axin functions. Development. 2008;135(2):367-375.[13] Mulholland DJ, Dedhar S, Coetzee GA,et al. Interaction of nuclear receptors with the Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling axis: Wnt you like to know. Endocr Rev. 2005;26(7):898-915.[14] Hill TP, Später D, Taketo MM,et al. Canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes. Dev Cell. 2005;8(5):727-738.[15] Gaur T, Lengner CJ, Hovhannisyan H,et al. Canonical WNT signaling promotes osteogenesis by directly stimulating Runx2 gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(39):33132- 331340.[16] Qiu W, Andersen TE, Bollerslev J,et al. Patients with high bone mass phenotype exhibit enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(11): 1720-1731.[17] Diarra D, Stolina M, Polzer K,et al. Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling.Nat Med. 2007;13(2):156-163. [18] Wang FS, Lin CL, Chen YJ,et al. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 modulates glucocorticoid attenuation of osteogenic activities and bone mass. Endocrinology. 2005;146(5): 2415-2423.[19] Wang FS, Ko JY, Yeh DW,et al. Modulation of Dickkopf-1 attenuates glucocorticoid induction of osteoblast apoptosis, adipocytic differentiation, and bone mass loss. Endocrinology. 2008;149(4):1793-1801.[20] Harada S, Rodan GA. Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature. 2003;423(6937):349-355.[21] de Boer J, Siddappa R, Gaspar C,et al. Wnt signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone. 2004;34(5):818-826.[22] Liu G, Vijayakumar S, Grumolato L,et al. Canonical Wnts function as potent regulators of osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biol. 2009;185(1):67-75.[23] Hutvágner G, McLachlan J, Pasquinelli AE,et al. A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA.Science. 2001; 293(5531):834-838.[24] Nakajima N, Takahashi T, Kitamura R,et al. MicroRNA-1 facilitates skeletal myogenic differentiation without affecting osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;350(4):1006-1012.[25] Wienholds E, Kloosterman WP, Miska E,et al. MicroRNA expression in zebrafish embryonic development. Science. 2005;309(5732):310-311.[26] Lewis BP, Burge CB, Bartel DP. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell. 2005;120(1):15-20.[27] Chen JF, Mandel EM, Thomson JM,et al. The role of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation. Nat Genet. 2006;38(2): 228-233.[28] Colnot C.Cellular and molecular interactions regulating skeletogenesis. J Cell Biochem. 2005;95(4):688-697.[29] Huang J, Zhao L, Xing L,et al. MicroRNA-204 regulates Runx2 protein expression and mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cells. 2010;28(2):357-364.[30] Kapinas K, Kessler C, Ricks T,et al. miR-29 modulates Wnt signaling in human osteoblasts through a positive feedback loop.J Biol Chem. 2010;285(33):25221-25231.[31] Liu Y, Huang T, Zhao X,et al. MicroRNAs modulate the Wnt signaling pathway through targeting its inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;408(2):259-264.[32] Zhang J, Tu Q, Bonewald LF,et al. Effects of miR-335-5p in modulating osteogenic differentiation by specifically downregulating Wnt antagonist DKK1.J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(8):1953-1963.[33] Zhou AD, Diao LT, Xu H,et al. β-Catenin/LEF1 transactivates the microRNA-371-373 cluster that modulates the Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway. Oncogene. 2012;31(24): 2968-2978. |