中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (36): 5798-5806.doi: 10.12307/2022.750

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印胸腰椎结核模型及导板指导手术的精准与安全性

杨  义1,曹广如2,王  翀2,袁   浩2,蔡玉强2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学第三附属医院骨科(遵义市第一人民医院骨科),贵州省遵义市   563000;2遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-20 接受日期:2021-12-04 出版日期:2022-12-28 发布日期:2022-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 蔡玉强,硕士,教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:杨义,男,1992年生,2020年遵义医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事脊柱结核方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省重大疾病临床治疗药物检测及建立其耐药性的研究(CK-1095),项目负责人:蔡玉强

3D-printed thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis model and guide plate to guide the accuracy and safety of surgery

Yang Yi1, Cao Guangru2, Wang Chong2, Yuan Hao2, Cai Yuqiang2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital) of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-10-20 Accepted:2021-12-04 Online:2022-12-28 Published:2022-04-27
  • Contact: Cai Yuqiang, Master, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yi, Master, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital) of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Research on Drug Detection and Establishment of Drug Resistance for Clinical Treatment of Major Diseases in Guizhou Province, No. CK-1095 (to CYQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印技术:作为一座连接二维与三维实体转化的桥梁,简称3DP,即快速成型技术的一种,它是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可黏合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。
脊柱结核:属于一类继发性结核感染,主要是由结核杆菌引起,占了骨结核患者的2/3,常导致寒性脓肿形成、脊柱骨质破坏、畸形,并最终导致截瘫,当药物治疗效果欠佳,出现严重结核中毒症状及或严重压迫症状时,则需手术解除脊髓及神经根受压,并重塑脊柱稳定性。

背景:脊柱结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定为临床常见标准术式。借助3D打印制作的个性化病灶模型做术前规划并制作手术置钉导板辅助手术,不但可以降低手术风险,而且与传统方法相比手术效率高、精度高。
目的:探讨3D打印胸腰椎结核模型及导板指导置钉的准确性与安全性。
方法:自2017年7月至2019年12月遵义医科大学附属医院收治胸腰椎结核病例共61例,随机分为2组。3D组24例患者,术前根据病变节段薄层CT影像资料打印胸腰椎结核3D模型,进行术前规划及测量;经3D打印技术设计并制作椎弓根螺钉导板,制定手术方案并指导手术治疗。传统组37例患者,术前完善CT、X射线影像学检查后,按照传统方式实施手术。观察记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、置钉耗时、C臂透视次数、可接受置钉的百分率、置钉准确率及Cobb角矫正情况;观察是否引起神经、血管及内脏损伤等并发症。
结果与结论:①两组患者均顺利完成手术,3D组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、置钉耗时、C臂透视次数均优于传统组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组术后住院天数、术后引流量相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②3D组术前3D打印模型参数数据和术后CT数据相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③两组置钉准确率、可接受置钉百分率相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④两组患者均无血管、内脏、神经损伤等手术并发症发生;⑤提示3D打印技术用于模拟胸腰椎结核模型规划手术方案,打印椎弓根螺钉导板指导置钉是可行的;具有效率高、精度高、安全性高等优势,可为胸腰椎结核手术治疗提供参考。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-2449 (杨义) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胸腰椎结核, 3D打印, 脊柱手术, 三维模型, 置钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Debridement of spinal tuberculosis lesions with bone graft fusion and internal fixation is a common clinical standard procedure. With the help of the personalized lesion model made by 3D printing, the preoperative planning and the production of surgical nail guides to assist the operation can not only reduce the risk of surgery, but also have higher surgical efficiency and precision compared with traditional methods.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the accuracy and safety of 3D-printed thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis model and guide plate to guide the operation. 
METHODS: From July 2017 to December 2019, there were 61 cases of tuberculosis of thoracolumbar spine treated in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. The patients were divided into 3D group and traditional group. Before operation, thin-layer CT image data of the diseased segments of 24 patients in the 3D group were collected and the thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis model was printed with a 3D printer. The pedicle screw guide plate was designed and produced by 3D printing technology, and the model and guide plate were used to formulate the surgical plan and guide the surgical treatment. In the traditional group (n=37), after the CT and X-ray imaging examinations before surgery, the patients were discussed and operated according to the traditional surgical methods. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, nail placement time, C-arm fluoroscopy number, acceptable nail placement percentage, nail placement accuracy rate, and Cobb angle correction of patients were observed and recorded in 3D group and traditional group. Whether it caused complications such as nerves, blood vessels, and visceral injury was observed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, time spent nailing, and C-arm fluoroscopy times were significantly better in the 3D group than those in the traditional group (P < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and postoperative drainage were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference between the parameters of 3D-printed model data before operation and CT data after operation in the 3D group (P > 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference between the two groups in the accuracy of nail placement and the percentage of acceptable nail placement (P > 0.05). (4) There were no complications such as blood vessels, viscera or nerve injury in the two groups. (5) It is concluded that 3D printing technology is used to simulate thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis model planning operation plan; printing pedicle screw guides to guide nail placement is feasible. They have high efficiency, high precision and high safety, and can provide a reference for the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis.

Key words: thoracolumbar tuberculosis, 3D printing, spinal surgery, three-dimensional model, nail placement

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