中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 610-616.doi: 10.12307/2022.100

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

高分子材料在3D打印生物骨骼及支架中的应用与价值

王阮彬1,程丽乾1,陈  凯2   

  1. 1中国矿业大学,北京市   100083;2清陶(昆山)能源发展有限公司,江苏省昆山市   215334

  • 收稿日期:2020-10-04 修回日期:2020-10-30 接受日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2022-02-08 发布日期:2021-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 程丽乾,副教授,中国矿业大学,北京市 100083
  • 作者简介:王阮彬,男,1994年生,河北省邯郸市人,汉族,中国矿业大学在读硕士,主要从事3D打印方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金(51602345),项目负责人:程丽乾;清华大学新型陶瓷与精细工艺国家重点实验室开放课题(KFZD201901),项目负责人:陈凯;清华大学新型陶瓷与精细工艺国家重点实验室开放课题(KF201910),项目负责人:程丽乾;中国矿业大学(北京)越崎青年学者项目(2019QN12),项目负责人:程丽乾;中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLCRSM19KFA13),项目负责人:程丽乾

Application and value of polymer materials in three-dimensional printing biological bones and scaffolds

Wang Ruanbin1, Cheng Liqian1, Chen Kai2    

  1. 1China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2Qingtao (Kunshan) Energy Development Co., Ltd., Kunshan 215334, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-10-04 Revised:2020-10-30 Accepted:2020-12-30 Online:2022-02-08 Published:2021-12-06
  • Contact: Cheng Liqian, Associate professor, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • About author:Wang Ruanbin, Master candidate, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Supported by:
    the Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 51602345 (to CLQ); the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Technology of Tsinghua University, No. KFZD201901 (to CK), No. KF201910 (to CLQ); the Yueqi Young Scholar Project of China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, No. 2019QN12 (to CLQ); the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining of China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, No. SKLCRSM19KFA13 (to CLQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印技术:是一种增材制造技术,是将信息技术与制造技术完美的结合起来,以数字模型文件为基础、塑料或者粉末状材料为原料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造三维实体材料的技术,优势主要是精准快速、个性化定制等,目前被应用于医疗、铸造、航空航天等领域。
生物骨骼及支架:骨骼主要由活细胞和矿物质(钙、磷)组成,有密质骨和松质骨两部分,在人体中起到支撑、运动、承重作用,另外为营养物质的运输起到一定的通道与空间支撑作用;支架由金属、高分子、无机材料等组成,植入人体血管内主要起防止血管弹性回缩、保持血管中血流通畅的作用。

背景:目前制约3D技术发展的主要因素是可打印材料的种类有限,高分子材料因其优异的理化特性及种类的多样性在3D打印生物骨骼及支架领域得到了长足发展。
目的:综述高分子材料在生物领域的应用现状和3D打印技术的优缺点。
方法:检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,检索时间设置为2000-2020年。中文检索词为“3D打印、熔融沉积成型、光固化成型技术、选择性激光烧结技术、天然高分子、合成高分子、生物医用、人工骨骼、人工骨支架”,英文检索“3D printing;FDM;SLA;SLS;natural polymer;synthetic polymer;biomedical;artificial bone;artificial bone scaffold”,最终选择了56篇文献进行归纳与总结。
结果与结论:高分子材料因其种类繁多、理化性能优异、尺寸精度高、可加工性好等特点在生物领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,将高分子材料与金属、无机等材料进行复合可以提高其生物相容性、控制其降解性等,这更加拓展了高分子材料在生物领域的应用空间。3D打印技术主要是将信息技术与制造技术结合来实现三维实体打印成型,具有快速精准、个性化定制的特点,被广泛应用于生物医疗、铸造、航空航天等领域。将高分子材料与3D打印技术结合起来可以实现人体骨骼、器官、组织的个性化定制,有望解决临床上供体不足的难题,因此研发更加适合3D打印成型工艺的生物医用材料,以及如何将高分子材料与3D打印技术更好地结合成为目前的研究热点。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-7537 (王阮彬) 

关键词: 3D打印, 高分子材料, 生物医用, 骨骼, 骨支架, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the main factors restricting the development of three-dimensional (3D) technology are the limited types of printable materials, and polymer materials have made great progress in the field of 3D printing biological bones and scaffolds due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and variety.
OBJECTIVE: To review application status of polymer materials in the biological field and the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing technology.
METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2020. The Chinese key words were “3D printing, fused deposition molding, UV curing molding technology, selective laser sintering technology, natural polymer, synthetic polymer, biomedical, artificial bone, artificial bone scaffold”. The English key words were “3D printing; FDM; SLA; SLS; natural polymer; synthetic polymer; biomedical; artificial bone; artificial bone scaffold”. Finally, 56 articles were selected to summarize.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymer materials play a more and more important role in the biological field because of their wide variety, excellent physical and chemical properties, high dimensional accuracy, good processability and other characteristics. Not only that, the composite of polymer materials with metal and inorganic can improve their biocompatibility, controllable degradation and other characteristics, which further expands the application space of polymer materials in the biological field. 3D printing technology is mainly through the combination of information technology and manufacturing technology to achieve 3D solid printing, which is with the characteristics of rapid, accurate, personalized customization. 3D printing is widely used in biomedical, casting, aerospace and other fields. The combination of polymer materials and 3D printing technology can realize the personalized customization of human bones, organs and tissues, which is expected to solve the problem of insufficient donors in clinic. Therefore, the research and development of biomedical materials more suitable for 3D printing process and how to better combine polymer materials with 3D printing technology become the current research hotspot.

Key words: 3D printing, polymer materials, biomedicine, bone, bone scaffold, review 

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