中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (23): 3638-3643.doi: 10.12307/2022.661

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

最佳功率负荷下不同力量训练手段骨骼肌输出功率的确定及特征

梁美富1,郭文霞1,赵宁宁2,潘  磊3   

  1. 1国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京市  100061;2河北省体育科学研究所,河北省石家庄市  050000;3河北传媒学院艺术体育学院,河北省石家庄市  051430
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-05 接受日期:2021-09-30 出版日期:2022-08-18 发布日期:2022-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 潘磊,硕士,讲师,河北传媒学院艺术体育学院,河北省石家庄市 051430
  • 作者简介:梁美富,男,1987年生,河北省唐山市人,满族,2020年北京体育大学毕业,博士,讲师,主要从事体能训练理论与实践研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本21-33),项目负责人:梁美富

Determination and characteristics of skeletal muscle output power in different strength training methods under optimal power load

Liang Meifu1, Guo Wenxia1, Zhao Ningning2, Pan Lei3   

  1. 1China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; 2Hebei Institute of Sport Science, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; 3College of Art and Physical Education, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 051430, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2021-08-05 Accepted:2021-09-30 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-02-15
  • Contact: Pan Lei, Master, Lecturer, College of Art and Physical Education, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 051430, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Liang Meifu, PhD, Lecturer, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China
  • Supported by:
    the Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Institute of Sport Science, No. Basic 21-33 (to LMF)

摘要:

文题释义:
最佳功率负荷:是指骨骼肌收缩或完成某一特定动作过程中产生最大输出功率时所对应的外界负荷。
九轴姿态传感器:集成高精度的3轴加速度计、3轴陀螺仪、3轴磁力计,能够快速反馈实时运动姿态,获取加速度、角加速度等数据,为运动学参数分析提供技术支撑。

背景:在最佳功率负荷下进行力量训练能实现骨骼肌输出功率的最大化,骨骼肌输出功率的增大能提高运动员的运动表现和大众的健康水平,备受国内外学者和体能教练的青睐。
目的:确定不同力量训练手段最佳功率负荷,分析不同力量训练手段最佳功率负荷输出功率特征。
方法:选择北京体育大学男性大学生运动员27名,进行半蹲起和卧推抛最大力量测试,利用九轴传感器测试受试者在10%,30%,50%,70%和90%最大力量负荷下的输出功率。
结果与结论:①半蹲起的最佳功率负荷为70%最大力量,其平均输出功率和最大输出功率均显著高于10%,30%,50%最大力量(P < 0.01);半蹲起输出功率与最大速度呈高度相关(r=0.84-0.87,P < 0.01),与平均速度和平均力呈中度相关(r=0.50-0.68,P < 0.01),与最大力量呈低度相关(r=0.40,P < 0.05);②卧推抛的最佳功率负荷为70%最大力量,其平均输出功率显著高于10%最大力量(P < 0.01)、30%最大力量(P < 0.05)和90%最大力量(P < 0.01);卧推抛输出功率与平均速度、最大速度、最大力呈高度相关(r=0.70-0.84,P < 0.01),与平均力和最大力量呈中度相关(r=0.57-0.70,P < 0.01),与体质量和训练年限呈低度相关(r=0.40-0.46,P < 0.05);③结果表明,大学生运动员半蹲起和卧推抛的最佳功率负荷均值为70%最大力量,由于个体生理学和训练学差异性,骨骼肌精确的最佳功率负荷仍需进一步测量;提高大学生运动员骨骼肌的最大输出功率时,发展骨骼肌收缩速度优先于发展骨骼肌收缩力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-3027 (梁美富)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 骨骼肌, 力量训练, 最佳功率负荷, 半蹲起, 卧推抛

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  Strength training under the optimal power load can maximize skeletal muscle output power. The increase of skeletal muscle output power can improve athletes’ sports performance and public health level, which is favored by scholars and physical coaches at home and abroad.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal power load of different strength training methods and analyze the output power characteristics.
METHODS: Twenty-seven male college athletes from Beijing Sport University were recruited for testing 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of half squat and bench press throw. Nine axis sensors were used to test the output power characteristics of subjects under the maximum power loads of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal power load of half squat was 70% 1RM, and its mean output power and maximum output power were significantly higher than 10% 1RM, 30% 1RM, and 50% 1RM (P < 0.01). The output power of half squat was highly correlated with the maximum velocity (r=0.84-0.87, P < 0.01), moderately correlated with the mean velocity and mean force (r=0.50-0.68, P < 0.01), and low correlated with 1RM (r=0.40, P < 0.05). The optimal power load of bench press throw  was 70% 1RM, and its mean output power was significantly higher than 10% 1RM (P < 0.01), 30% 1RM (P < 0.05), and 90% 1RM (P < 0.01). The output power of bench press was highly correlated with the mean velocity, maximum velocity and maximum power (r=0.70-0.84, P < 0.01), moderately correlated with the mean force and 1RM (r=0.57-0.70, P < 0.01), and low correlated with body mass and training years (r=0.40-0.46, P < 0.05). To conclude, the mean value of the optimal power load of half squat and bench press throw  of college athletes is 70% 1RM. Due to the difference of individual physiology and training, the accurate optimal power load of skeletal muscle still needs further measurement. To improve the maximum output power of skeletal muscle, developing skeletal muscle contraction velocity is prior to developing skeletal muscle contraction force in college athletes.

Key words: skeletal muscle, strength training, optimal power load, half squat, bench press throw

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