中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (30): 4851-4856.doi: 10.12307/2021.273

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

锁定钢板内固定联合不同骨移植修复老年肱骨近端Neer 3,4部分骨折

刘文杰1,余丽娟1,徐  彬2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市   030001;2山西医科大学第一医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02 修回日期:2020-12-05 接受日期:2021-01-23 出版日期:2021-10-28 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 徐彬,主任医师,硕士生导师,山西医科大学第一医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:刘文杰,男,1996年生,安徽省六安市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节疾病的研究

Locking plate fixation combined with different bone grafts for Neer 3- and 4-part fractures of proximal humerus in the elderly

Liu Wenjie1, Yu Lijuan1, Xu Bin2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-12-02 Revised:2020-12-05 Accepted:2021-01-23 Online:2021-10-28 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Xu Bin, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Wenjie, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
肱骨近端骨折:指肱骨外科颈下2 cm以上的骨折,包括肱骨头、大结节、小结节及肱骨干骺端等骨折,是骨科常见的一种因直接或间接暴力导致的骨折,在成人骨折中约占5%的比例,多见于骨质疏松的老年患者。
同种异体骨:来源于健康人类的骨组织,经低温贮藏、解冻清洗、加工成型、结晶浸泡、脱细胞、冷冻干燥、辐照等加工而成,主要用于临床骨缺损、融合、修补及辅助加固等。
背景:老年肱骨近端Neer 3、4部分骨折患者近端骨质较差,骨折复位后骨缺损严重,单纯锁定钢板固定效果欠佳。
目的:探讨锁定钢板联合同种异体髂骨和腓骨在老年肱骨近端Neer 3,4部分骨折中的应用效果和作用机制。
方法:对在山西医科大学第一医院骨科2014年11月至2019年3月采用不同手术方法治疗的64例老年肱骨近端Neer 3,4部分骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中单纯锁定钢板组(A组)24例,锁定钢板联合同种异体髂骨组(B组)19例,锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨组(C组)21例。比较3组患者的疗效差异:①一般指标:手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间;②影像学指标:肱骨颈干角、肱骨头高度、骨折愈合时间;③疗效指标:肩关节Constant-Murley评分、目测类比评分、并发症发生率。
结果与结论:①所有患者骨折均获愈合,随访时间12-24个月;②A组在手术时间和住院时间方面优于B、C组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);但在术中出血量方面,与B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);B组和C组的上述3项指标比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③A组的肱骨颈干角和肱骨头高度变化大于B、C组 (P < 0.05),其中B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);在愈合时间方面,3组两两比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),其中A组>C组>B组;④A组Constant-Murley评分总分及主动活动项目得分低于B、C组(P < 0.05),其中B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);3组在目测类比评分方面比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤并发症:A组术后出现螺钉切出1例,肱骨头坏死1例,关节僵硬2例;B组出现肩峰撞击综合征1例;C组出现螺钉切出1例,肱骨头坏死1例;3组并发症发生率相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥提示老年肱骨近端Neer 3,4部分骨折的治疗首选锁定钢板;对于骨缺损较大者,可选择联合同种异体腓骨以实现机械稳定过渡;对于部分骨缺损者,可联合同种异体髂骨以加速成骨愈合。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-7137 (刘文杰) 

关键词: 肱骨近端骨折, 锁定钢板, 骨移植, 髂骨, 腓骨, 植骨, 骨折, 内固定

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with Neer 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus have poor proximal bone, so the bone defect after fracture reduction is very serious, which will lead to poor effect of simple locking plate fixation.  
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of allogeneic ilium and fibula in the treatment of Neer 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly.
METHODS:  Data of 64 elderly patients with Neer 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus and undergoing different surgery techniques in Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from November 2014 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into three groups: single locking plate (group A, 24 cases), locking plate combined with allogeneic ilium (group B, 19 cases) and locking plate combined with allogeneic fibula (group C, 21 cases). The following observation indexes were compared in three groups: (1) General indicators: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay; (2) imaging indicators: the neck-shaft angle, humerus head height, and healing time; (3) efficacy indicators: Constant-Murley score, visual analog scale, the incidence of complications.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were healed and followed up from 12 to 24 months. (2) The operation time and hospital stay in group A were significantly better than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss compared with groups B and C (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in three indicators between groups B and C (P > 0.05). (3) Group A had higher neck-shaft angle and humerus head height than groups B and C (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the healing time between groups A, B and C (P < 0.05), in which group A > group C > group B. (4) The total Constant-Murley score and the score of active items in group A were lower than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in visual analog scale score among groups A, B and C (P > 0.05). (5) Complications in group A included screw resection in 1 case, humeral head necrosis in 1 case, and joint stiffness in 2 cases. There was 1 case of acromial impingement syndrome in group B. In group C, screw resection occurred in 1 case and head necrosis of humerus in 1 case. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications in the three groups (P > 0.05). (6) It is indicated that locking plate is the first choice for the treatment of Neer 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly. For those with significant bone defects, mechanical stability can be achieved by combining fibula allografts. For partial bone defects, ilium allograft can be used to accelerate osteogenic healing.

Key words: proximal humeral fractures, locking plate, bone transplantation, ilium, fibula, bone graft, fracture, internal fixation

中图分类号: