中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 2562-2568.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3131

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

酶响应性纳米粒子治疗肿瘤:纳米粒子积累和药物释放的优势

干洲杰,裴锡波   

  1. 四川大学华西口腔医院修复Ⅰ科,四川省成都市   610041
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-02 修回日期:2020-06-05 接受日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 裴锡波,副教授,四川大学华西口腔医院修复Ⅰ科,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:干洲杰,男,1995年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,四川大学口腔医学在读硕士,主要从事纳米材料的抗肿瘤应用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家青年科学基金项目(81601613),项目负责人:裴锡波,项目名称:基于药物缓释及仿骨基质的高生物响应性纳米复合GBR膜的制备及成骨机制初探;中华口腔医学会青年临床科研基金(CSA-B2018-09),项目负责人:裴锡波,项目名称:EDC修饰碳纳米管牙本质涂层对改善牙本质粘接强度和耐久性的研究

Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles in tumor therapy: superiority of nanoparticles in accumulation and drug release 

Gan Zhoujie, Pei Xibo   

  1. Repair Department I, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-02 Revised:2020-06-05 Accepted:2020-07-06 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-01-07
  • Contact: Pei Xibo, Associate professor, Repair Department I, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Gan Zhoujie, Master candidate, Repair Department I, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Youth Science Fund Project, No. 81601613 (to PXB); the Youth Clinical Research Fund of Chinese Stomatological Association, No. CSA-B2018-09 (to PXB)

摘要:

文题释义:
纳米粒子:即药物的纳米粒子载体,是一种纳米级微观的药物输送系统,该系统通过增加生物膜穿透性、针对体内特定环境响应性变化、改变在组织或器官内的分布等方式,将负载的药物靶向递送到特定的区域内,并以一定的速率释放药物来达到治疗效果。抗肿瘤治疗领域的纳米粒子直径通常在1-500 nm之间。
酶响应:响应性的纳米粒子是一类纳米粒子的统称,它们能针对特定的外界环境刺激(如温度、酸碱度等)发生变化,从而实现更高的药物递送效率。酶响应性纳米粒子是其中的一类,它针对体内特定组织内才具有的生物酶发生反应,以大幅提高药物的靶向递送效率,并降低对其他组织的毒性,是近年来响应性纳米粒子的研究热点之一。

背景:基于纳米药物递送系统在肿瘤中增强的渗漏与滞留效应,以设计对刺激产生响应的抗肿瘤药物递送载体是最近肿瘤治疗策略发展的一大方向。酶响应性纳米递送系统是其中重要的组成部分,以肿瘤特异性高表达的酶作为精准靶向目标,大幅提高靶向性能。
目的:总结近年来肿瘤治疗研究中酶响应性纳米粒子的设计思路、靶向效率及抗肿瘤效果。
方法:检索 PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI 数据库、万方数据库等收录的与肿瘤治疗相关的酶响应性纳米粒子文章,英文检索词为“nanoparticles;neoplasms;enzymes;drug carriers;responsive”,中文检索词为“纳米粒子;肿瘤; 酶;药物载体;响应”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,保留相关性较高的文章进行综述。
结果与结论:目前的酶响应性纳米粒子可分为释药型和功能型2个基本类型,每种类型又进一步分为若干小类,不同的设计类型可以针对不同的肿瘤及其微环境特点。其中,释药型酶响应性纳米粒子主要专注于利用酶响应实现药物在肿瘤内的特定位点控释,功能型酶响应性纳米粒子则注重提高纳米粒子对肿瘤的靶向效率及在肿瘤中的积累,两者均因特异性的酶响应而实现药物在肿瘤内的特异性释放,从而降低全身毒性,提高抗肿瘤效果。根据目前的研究趋势,未来酶响应性将作为多重响应性纳米粒子抗肿瘤药物设计的一部分逐渐发展,同时将会发现更多肿瘤特异性酶及响应机制,以应对复杂的肿瘤类型及其微环境。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-9093 (干洲杰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 材料, 纳米粒子, 肿瘤, 酶, 药物载体, 药物递送系统, 肿瘤微环境, 响应, 靶向, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on enhanced permeability and retention effect of nanoscale drug delivery systems in tumors, intelligent design of anti-tumor drug delivery vehicles has recently become a major direction in the development of tumor treatment strategies. Among them, the enzyme-responsive nano-delivery system has played a relatively important role, taking tumor-specific and highly expressed enzymes as precise targets so as to greatly improve targeting performance. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize researches on the protocol, targeting efficiency and anti-tumor effects of enzyme-responsive nanoparticles in cancer treatment in recent years.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for the articles concerning the enzyme-responsive nanoparticles related to tumor treatment, with the search terms of “nanoparticles; neoplasms; enzymes; drug carriers; responsive” in English and Chinese, respectively. After initial screening of all articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, those with higher relevance were retained for the successive review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, enzyme-responsive nanoparticles are classified into two basic types in the article: drug-releasing type and functional type. Both are further divided into several sub-categories. Different designs target at corresponding tumors and their microenvironment characteristics. Among them, drug-releasing enzyme-responsive nanoparticles are designed to achieve controlled release of drugs at specific sites in tumors by enzyme response, while functional enzyme-responsive nanoparticles focus on improving the targeting efficiency and accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors. Both main types achieved specific release of drugs in tumors due to corresponding enzyme response, thereby reducing systemic toxicity and improving anti-tumor effects. According to current research trends, enzyme responsiveness is gradually turning into a part of the design of multiple responsive nanoparticle antitumor drugs in coming years. More tumor-specific enzymes and response mechanisms will be discovered to cope with complex tumor types and their microenvironment as well. 

Key words: materials, nanoparticles, tumor, enzyme, drug carrier, drug delivery system, tumor microenvironment, response, targeting, review

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