中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1785-1790.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3100

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外基质与组织的再生与修复

罗雅馨,毕浩然,陈晓旭,杨  琨   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-17 修回日期:2020-07-21 接受日期:2020-08-25 出版日期:2021-04-18 发布日期:2020-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 杨琨,博士,副教授,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:罗雅馨,女,1995年生,重庆市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事牙周组织再生方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81760199),项目名称:p75神经营养因子对牙周膜干细胞在牙周组织缺损再生修复中的影响研究,项目负责人:杨琨;贵州省科学技术基金计划(黔科合基础[2018]1185),项目名称:Mage-D1在p75+外胚间充质干细胞体外矿化过程中的调控作用与机制研究,项目负责人:杨琨;贵州省科学技术基金计划(黔科合基础[2020]1Y328),项目名称:羊膜匀浆对牙周膜干细胞增殖分化的影响及PLA/PCL纤维膜增强羊膜负载对大鼠牙周缺损修复的研究,项目负责人:杨琨

Extracellular matrix and tissue engineering regeneration and repair

Luo Yaxin, Bi Haoran, Chen Xiaoxu, Yang Kun   

  1. Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-07-17 Revised:2020-07-21 Accepted:2020-08-25 Online:2021-04-18 Published:2020-12-22
  • Contact: Yang Kun, MD, Associate professor, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Luo Yaxin, Master candidate, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760199 (to YK); the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province, No. [2018]1185 and [2020]1Y328 (both to YK)

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞外基质:是由细胞合成、分泌的生物大分子在细胞表面或细胞之间构成的非细胞三维高分子网络,其内中富含胶原蛋白、层粘连蛋白、弹性蛋白、蛋白聚糖及各种细胞因子等,在为细胞提供生存所需的立体空间基础上,通过与细胞黏附分子、调节因子和连接蛋白等作用调控多种细胞功能,并在疾病诊治及组织工程再生修复等方面发挥作用。 
组织工程:是一个将工程学和生命科学原理结合应用于恢复、维持或改善组织功能的生物替代品跨学科领域,基本要素包括生物材料及种子细胞等。随着对此类要素的深入研究及组织构建技术的快速发展,使组织工程纵身一跃成为再生医学的主要研究范畴。

背景:细胞外基质可为体内不同类型细胞提供生活环境并影响其生物学活动,在维持细胞稳态及组织发育中扮演重要角色。
目的:综述细胞外基质及其在组织工程再生修复中的研究进展。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、CNKI数据库,以“extracellular matrix,tissue engineering,regeneration”及“细胞外基质,组织工程,再生修复”为关键词,检索2010至2020年发表的相关文献。
结果与结论:细胞外基质内成分丰富,其提取方法多样,具有指导细胞、传递信号、诊治疾病及再生修复等众多功能。细胞外基质作为一种精密有序的网络结构在组织再生与修复中具有独特的优势,它能提供最接近于体内细胞生长的微环境,加之其富含的各种活性分子可为细胞活动提供基础,具有较好的应用前景。细胞外基质在组织再生中以多种形式存在,其优点在于具有良好的生物降解性和较低的免疫原性,并能在一定程度上改善炎症反应,可有效支持组织再生并指导组织重建。随着人们对细胞外基质的不断深入研究,其在组织工程中的应用将会获得更好的发展,也将为再生医学及组织工程的未来带来新兴技术及治疗方法,但对于细胞外基质在组织修复应用中面临的问题,还需要更深入的研究和探讨。

关键词: 材料, 细胞外基质, 生物材料, 组织工程, 缺损, 再生修复, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix can provide a living environment for different types of cells in the body and affect their biological activities, playing an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis and tissue development.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of extracellular matrix and its application in tissue engineering regeneration.
METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrieved with the key words of “extracellular matrix, tissue engineering, regeneration” in English and Chinese search from 2010 to 2020, respectively.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The extracellular matrix contains a variety of components, and its extraction methods are diverse. It has many functions, such as guiding cells, transmitting signals, diagnosing and treating diseases, regenerating and repairing. As a precise and orderly network structure, extracellular matrix has unique advantages in tissue regeneration and repair. Extracellular matrix provides a microenvironment closest to the growth of cells in vivo, and it is rich in various active molecules, which can provide the basis for cell activity, and has a good application prospect. The forms of extracellular matrix existing in tissue regeneration are varied, and it has good biodegradability and low immunogenicity, which can also improve the inflammatory response to a certain extent, can support tissue regeneration and guide tissue reconstruction effectively. With the continuous in-depth study to extracellular matrix, its application in tissue engineering will be better developed, and it will also bring emerging technologies and treatment methods for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in the future. However, as for the problems faced by extracellular matrix in tissue repair applications, further research and discussion are needed.


Key words: material, extracellular matrix, biomaterial, tissue engineering, defect, regeneration, review

中图分类号: