中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (15): 2433-2439.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2569

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

保留假体清创治疗人工关节置换后的急性感染

徐长波,殷  力,王海涛,张  翼   

  1. 郑州大学第一附属医院骨外科,河南省郑州市   450052
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-05 修回日期:2019-09-07 接受日期:2019-10-31 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 殷力,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,郑州大学第一附属医院骨外科,河南省郑州市 450052
  • 作者简介:徐长波,男,1989年生,河南省开封市人,汉族,郑州大学在读硕士,主要从事骨科关节方向的研究。

Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for the treatment of acute infection after total knee arthroplasty  

Xu Changbo, Yin Li, Wang Haitao, Zhang Yi    

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-05 Revised:2019-09-07 Accepted:2019-10-31 Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-03-23
  • Contact: Yin Li, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Xu Changbo, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

保留假体清创:是用于治疗关节置换后感染的一种方法,主要应用于早期治疗,对于感染的关节只是进行垫片或者内衬的更换,清除关节腔内感染及疑似感染的组织,不取出假体,对患者来说是一种痛苦小、花费少的治疗方法。

人工全膝关节置换:用于治疗重度关节磨损、严重关节畸形的患者,用金属假体代替股骨关节面和胫骨关节面并在关节面之间加聚乙烯衬垫,是近代发展非常快的手术,解决了患者膝关节疼痛,纠正了力线,提高了患者生活质量。

背景:与翻修手术比较,保留假体清创治疗假体周围感染具有创伤小、耗时短、花费低等优势,但是关于保留假体清创的适应证和围术期管理还存在争议。

目的:综述清创保留假体手术应用于假体周围感染的术前适应证、术中操作及术后抗生素应用。

方法:英文文献检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、The Cochrane Library数据库,年限为2000至2018年,检索关键词为“total knee arthroplasty、periprosthetic joint infection、Diagnose、treatment”。中文文献检索中国知网、万方数据库,检索年限为2000至2018年,检索关键词为“关节置换术、术后感染、保留假体清创术”。筛选相关文献,统计文献保留假体治疗关节置换后感染的成功率,总结最为准确的诊断标准及治疗最有效的方法经验。

结果与结论:目前关于关节置换后感染的诊断国际上没有统一的标准,有很多组织提出了一些共识和指南,其中Parvizi等综合其他共识和指南提出了新的假体周围感染诊断标准,其敏感性和特异性都较高,得到了大多数人的认可。保留假体清创适用于稳定且固定良好的假体、症状持续时间短、软组织良好且无窦道形成的患者。术中应该彻底清除感染坏死组织及疑似感染的组织,碘伏水浸泡半小时,更换新的垫片,清创完全后对重新消毒铺巾更换一套新的手术工具。术后应根据培养结果联合应用敏感的抗生素,院外口服利福平4个月。保留假体清创是治疗早期急性关节置换后感染的最佳方法,具有患者痛苦小、花费少、接受度高、避免翻修等优势。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2784-1542(徐长波)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程   

关键词: 关节感染, 保留假体的清创, 关节置换, 抗生素, 关节假体, 垫片, 综述, 急性感染

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Compared with revision surgery, debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection has the advantages of fewer traumas, shorter time, and lower cost. However, the indications and perioperative management are still controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To review the application of preoperative indication, intraoperative operation and postoperative antibiotic application of debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for the periprosthetic joint infection.

METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library database were retrieved from 2000 to 2018. The key words were “total knee arthroplasty, periprosthetic joint infection, diagnose, treatment”. Chinese literature was searched in the Wanfang database and CNKI from 2000 to 2018, and the key words were “arthroplasty, postoperative infection, debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention”. Relevant literatures were screened, and the success rate of retained prosthesis in the treatment of infection after joint replacement was counted. The most accurate diagnostic criteria and the most effective treatment methods were summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, there is no unified international standard for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection after joint replacement. Many organizations have put forward some consensus and guidelines. Parvizi et al. proposed new diagnostic criteria for periprosthetic joint infection based on other consensus and guidelines, which is highly sensitive and specific, and has been accepted by most people. Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention is suitable for patients with stable and well-fixed prosthesis, short symptom duration, good soft tissue, and no sinus tract formation. During the operation, the infected necrotic tissue and the suspected infected tissue should be thoroughly removed. The iodine-blood water should be soaked for half an hour; the new gasket should be replaced; and the sterilized towel should be replaced with a new set of surgical tools. According to the results of postoperative culture, sensitive antibiotics were combined and rifampin was taken orally out of hospital for 4 months. Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention is the best method for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, and has the advantages of less pain, less cost, high acceptance and avoiding revision. 

Key words: joint infection, debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention, joint replacement, antibiotics, joint prosthesis, spacer, review, acute infection

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