中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (15): 2425-2432.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2628

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎间盘生物力学体内外研究的新进展

徐浩翔1,2,文王强1,2,张泽佩2,苗  军2   

  1. 1天津医科大学骨科临床学院,天津市  300203;2天津市天津医院脊柱二科,天津市  300210
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-15 修回日期:2019-10-19 接受日期:2019-12-05 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 苗军,主任医师,博士生导师,天津市天津医院脊柱二科,天津市 300210
  • 作者简介:徐浩翔,男,1995年生,安徽省安庆市人,汉族,天津医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81472140);国家自然科学基金(81572199)

New advance of in vitro and in vivo studies on lumbar intervertebral disc biomechanics

Xu Haoxiang1, 2, Wen Wangqiang1, 2, Zhang Zepei2, Miao Jun2   

  1. 1School of Clinical Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; 2Second Department of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China
  • Received:2019-10-15 Revised:2019-10-19 Accepted:2019-12-05 Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-03-23
  • Contact: Miao Jun, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Second Department of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China
  • About author:Xu Haoxiang, Master candidate, School of Clinical Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; Second Department of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300210, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81472140 and 81572199

摘要:

文题释义:

椎间盘:是一块位于两椎体之间的纤维软骨垫,由纤维环包绕髓核以及上下方的软骨终板构成,是最大的无血管器官,基本上通过脊椎神经支配。

生物力学:为将工程学尤其是机械力学原理运用于临床医学,对生物体力学问题进行定性定量分析的新型生物物理学分支。研究范围从组织器官到个体,通过对生物体力学特性的研究来指导临床实际操作。生物学和力学二者相辅相成,共同构成一门完整的学科。

背景:腰椎间盘退变造成的一系列临床症状已经是影响人类健康的常见疾病。过去研究中指出在腰椎间盘退变的发生发展中,腰椎间盘生物力学改变起到重要作用。

目的:简述腰椎间盘解剖学、组织学特性,总结近年来腰椎间盘生物力学的研究方法及进展。

方法:通过输入“生物力学,腰椎间盘,动物标本,人类尸体模型,有限元分析,影像学、磁共振成像,biomechanics,Intervertebral disc,lumbar spine,finite element analysis,imaging,MRI,DFIS,DSXS”等关键词,利用计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Elsevier和Web of Science数据库,通过阅读标题及摘要进行初步筛选,排除与主题相关度低的文献,最终共纳入67篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论:①腰椎间盘的生物力学研究目前主要分为体外研究和体内研究;②体外研究包括动物标本实验、人类尸体标本实验、有限元分析,体外实验设计灵活,操作性强,但实验对象脱离人体生理环境,材料的力学特性存在差异,需要经过长期不断验证,筛选出在人体的适用性;③体内研究主要通过影像学手段,实时记录椎间盘在体运动受力形态变化,真实可靠,但受影像技术发展的限制,需要合理运用。最新出现的双平面荧光成像系统以及高速动态立体射线照相系统在这一领域具有独特优势,被越来越多的人所重视。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2070-2400(徐浩翔)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 生物力学, 腰椎间盘, 动物标本, 人类尸体模型, 有限元分析, 影像学, 磁共振成像, 双平面荧光成像系统, 高速动态立体射线照相系统

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Clinical systems caused by degenerative disc disease are one of the largest health worldwide problems. Changes of biomechanics of lumbar disc play important difference in the development of degenerative disc disease.

OBJECTIVE: To briefly describe the anatomical and histological features of lumbar intervertebral discs, and to review the research methods and progress in lumbar intervertebral disc biomechanics in recent years.

METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Elsevier and Web of Science databases was conducted with the keywords of “biomechanics, intervertebral disc, lumbar spine, finite element analysis, imaging, MRI, BFIS, DSXS” in Chinese and English, respectively. The articles were firstly screened by reading the title and abstract, and 67 eligible articles were included for result analysis after excluding irrelevant articles.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The research on lumbar disc biomechanics is mainly divided into in vitro research and in vivo research. (2) In vitro studies include animal specimens, human cadavers and finite element analysis. The design of in vitro experiment is flexible and maneuverable, but it is separated from human physiological environment and the mechanical properties of materials are different. After long-term verification, the applicability of the experiment in human body is screened out. (3) In vivo studies mainly record the changes of the force shape of disc movement in vivo in real time through imaging methods, which is real and reliable. However, limited by the development of imaging technology, it needs to be used reasonably. The new biplanar fluorescent imaging system and dynamic stereo-radiography system have unique advantages in this field, which attracted much attention. 

Key words: biomechanics, intervertebral disc, animal specimen, human cadaver model, finite element analysis, imaging, MRI, biplanar fluorescence imaging system, high-speed dynamic stereo X-ray

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