中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 334-338.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2965

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

弹性钉结合尾帽和钢丝固定长斜形股骨干骨折的生物力学分析

谭家昌1,袁振超1,吴振杰1,刘   斌1,赵劲民2   

  1. 1广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021; 2广西医科大学第一附属医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-09 修回日期:2020-03-13 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2020-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 赵劲民,博士生导师,主任医师,广西医科大学第一附属医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021
  • 作者简介:谭家昌,男,1979年生,广西壮族自治区贵港市人,汉族,2018广西医科大学毕业,博士,主任医师,主要从事骨肿瘤与微创骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2019KY0135)

Biomechanical analysis of elastic nail combined with end caps and wire fixation for long oblique femoral shaft fractures

Tan Jiachang1, Yuan Zhenchao1, Wu Zhenjie1, Liu Bin1, Zhao Jinmin2   

  1. 1Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2020-03-09 Revised:2020-03-13 Accepted:2020-04-15 Online:2021-01-28 Published:2020-11-16
  • Contact: Zhao Jinmin, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Tan Jiachang, MD, Chief physician, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the Project of Middle-aged and Young Teachers’ Basic Research Ability Improvement of Guangxi University, No. 2019KY0135

摘要:

文题释义:
长度不稳定型骨折:SINK于2005年描述了长度不稳定型骨折,指粉碎性或长斜形、长螺旋型骨折,粉碎性骨折的骨折端粉碎或有一蝶形骨块,长斜形和长螺旋形骨折的骨折线长度超过骨折端直径的2倍。 
弹性钉尾帽:为了解决稳定性不足的问题,国际内固定研究学会(AO)设计了一种空心螺纹尾帽用来锁定弹性钉,这种尾帽带自攻螺纹,在弹性钉钉尾旋入骨皮质内。尾帽可以在入钉口处阻止钉的退出,从而维持骨的长度并提高骨折区骨和内植物之间相互的稳定性。

背景:使用弹性钉治疗儿童不稳定型骨折或体质量较大的患儿,常出现短缩、成角或旋转畸形。
目的:对弹性钉结合尾帽或钢丝固定股骨长斜形骨折模型进行生物力学测试,为临床合理选用内固定方式提供力学理论依据。
方法:取8具小个子成人尸体股骨标本,标本从4位捐献者身上获得。建立股骨中段长斜形不稳定骨折模型,逆行插入2枚3.5 mm直径钛质弹性钉固定后,结合尾帽或钢丝捆扎,制成不同固定方式的骨折固定模型,A组为弹性髓内钉固定模型,B组为弹性髓内钉+钢丝固定模型,C组为弹性髓内钉+尾帽固定模型,D组为弹性髓内钉+钢丝+尾帽固定模型。行非破坏性的轴向压缩、四点弯曲和扭转测试,对刚度、位移和扭矩进行分析。 
结果与结论:①与单纯弹性髓内钉固定(A组)相比,增加尾帽固定的构型(C组)在轴向压缩测试中,刚度较A组增加509%,位移减少74%(P < 0.01);②辅助钢丝固定技术(B组)在矢状面弯曲测试时刚度更大(P < 0.01),位移更小(P < 0.01);在冠状面弯曲测试时刚度同样更大(P <0.01),位移更小(P < 0.01);扭转测试时刚度更大(P < 0.01);而联合2种固定技术的D组在所有方向的测试中都可以显著改善结构刚度;③结果表明增加尾帽固定有助于增加长斜形骨折模型的轴向稳定性,辅助钢丝固定增加了扭转和弯曲载荷时结构的稳定性,上述结论可为临床治疗儿童不稳定型股骨干骨折选择内固定方法提供参考依据。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-2157 (谭家昌) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 股骨干, 骨折, 长斜形, 儿童, 位移, 生物力学, 载荷, 弹性钉, 尾帽

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of elastic nails to treat children with unstable fractures or heavier children often results in shortening, angular or rotational deformities.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretical basis for internal fixation choice for femoral long oblique fracture by elastic nails combined with end caps or wire using biomechanical test.
METHODS: An identical length oblique midshaft fracture was created in eight small adult cadaveric femurs harvested from four donors. Two 3.5-mm titanium elastic nails were introduced intramedullary into all femur models. According to the different fracture fixations, all models were divided into four groups (group A: titanium elastic nail, group B: titanium elastic nail+wire, group C: titanium elastic nail+caps, group D: titanium elastic nail+wire+caps). Nondestructive axial compression, four-point bending and torsion tests were conducted. Stiffness, displacement and torque were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the axial compression tests, stiffness was increased by 509% and displacement was decreased by 74% using the titanium elastic nail+cap combination compared with titanium elastic nail alone (group A) (P < 0.01). (2) The titanium elastic nail+wire combination (group B) showed larger stiffness (P < 0.01) and smaller displacement (P < 0.01) in the sagittal plane bending test; and as well as larger stiffness (P < 0.01) and smaller displacement (P < 0.01) in coronal plane bending test; and larger stiffness in torsion test (P < 0.01). The end caps with wire in group D improved the stiffness significantly in all directions. (3) The results have demonstrated that end caps fixation helps to increase the axial stability of the long oblique fracture model, and combined wire fixation increases the structural stability under torsional and bending loads, which provides a good reference for clinical treatment of children with unstable femoral shaft fractures.

Key words: bone, femoral shaft, fracture, long oblique, children, displacement, biomechanics, load, elastic nail, tail cap

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