中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (27): 4416-4422.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.27.026

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

关注脊柱外科手术后的深静脉血栓:预防及治疗

周益彪1,张 斌2   

  1. 1南昌大学江西医学院,江西省南昌市 330000;2南昌大学第一附属医院脊柱外科,江西省南昌市 330000
  • 出版日期:2017-09-28 发布日期:2017-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 张斌,副主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,南昌大学第一附属医院脊柱外科,江西省南昌市 330000
  • 作者简介:周益彪,男,1991年,江西省高安市人,汉族,南昌大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科研究。

Deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery: prevention and treatment

Zhou Yi-biao1, Zhang Bin2   

  1. 1Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Online:2017-09-28 Published:2017-10-24
  • Contact: Zhang Bin, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Yi-biao, Studying for master’s degree, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
骨水泥:是一种用于填充骨与植入物间隙或骨腔并具有自凝特性的生物材料。化学名称是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,也称丙烯酸骨水泥。自从1958年Charney首次应用骨水泥固定股骨假体成功施行全髋关节置换以来,骨水泥已广泛应用于骨科临床,骨水泥固定可保证术后假体的即时稳定,在骨组织-骨水泥-假体界面上无任何微动,允许术后早期负重,疗效肯定。
植骨融合内固定术:骨科脊柱手术术式当中的一种,常见于脊柱后路手术,主要做法是将椎间盘摘除或者切除椎体,放入融合器,融合器中植入骨头,利用钉棒系统固定相邻椎体,达到预期的植骨融合以及钉棒内固定手术。该术式常见应用于腰椎间盘突出、腰椎滑脱等脊柱退行性变中,也用于脊柱其他疾病,术后效果可。
 
摘要
背景:目前国内外对于脊柱手术术后患者下肢深静脉血栓的发病率存在较大的分歧,对于脊柱手术后深静脉血栓的预防尚未形成统一的看法。
目的:分析脊柱术后深静脉血栓预防的进展。
方法:从中国知网以及PubMed数据库搜索并经过筛选的1993年1月至2016年1月与脊柱术后深静脉血栓预防相关的41篇文献,对其当前的预防方法、预防措施以及危险因素、发病率等方面进行总结。
结果与结论:①随着手术技术的提高及医疗器械的发展,许多新技术、新器械及生物材料被广泛地应用于脊柱外科,同时复杂性、困难性手术的增加、手术创伤的加大及手术时间的延长,脊柱术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险也逐年增加,发病率呈现上升的趋势;②脊柱术后深静脉血栓的预防手段与方式在不断丰富,目前分级预防方式较为成熟有效;③医护人员行静脉穿刺或注射应尽量选择上肢建立静脉通道,避免下肢静脉血管的损伤;④未来的研究应进一步明确脊柱手术后患者深静脉血栓形成的流行病学特点,相关干预的时机与时限,以及有效的药物及物理干预方法。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-9754-1089(周益彪)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 脊柱手术, 深静脉血栓, 三级预防

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after spinal surgery remains controversial, and its prevention is still under discussion.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of the prevention of the deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery.
METHODS: The domestic and foreign related literature about the deep vein thrombosis after the spinal surgery, which was filtrated from CNKI and PubMed databases, were searched for the articles concerning the prevention of the deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery published from January 1993 to January 2016. Finally, 41 eligible articles were included, and the prevention methods, risk factors and incidence were summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the technology and medical equipment development, more novel technologies and biomaterials are extensively applied in spinal surgery; meanwhile, complex and difficult surgeries, big surgical trauma and prolonged operation time all increase the risk of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity; thereafter, the incidence is on a rise. (2) The prevention methods of deep venous thrombosis have been improved, and the grading of prevention becomes more sufficient. (3) During venipuncture and injection, upper extremity should be selected firstly, so as to avoid damage to the lower extremity veins. (4) The following studies should concentrate on understanding the epidemic characteristics of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after spinal surgery, and confirming the best prevention time, as well as effective drugs and physical measurements. 
 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Spine, Venous Thrombosis, Tertigry Prevention

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