中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 354-358.doi: 10.12307/2022.058

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

后外侧入路全髋关节置换后假体反复性脱位的危险因素

李  凯1,刘振东1,李小磊2,王静成3   

  1. 1扬州大学临床医学院,江苏省扬州市   225001;2江苏省苏北人民医院关节外科,江苏省扬州市   225001;3江苏省苏北人民医院理事长,江苏省扬州市   225001
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-05 修回日期:2021-03-06 接受日期:2021-04-23 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2021-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 王静成,主任医师,博士生导师,教授,江苏省苏北人民医院,江苏省扬州市 225001
  • 作者简介:李凯,男,1994年生,安徽省阜阳市人,汉族,扬州大学在读硕士,主要从事骨科关节及创伤相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81772332),项目负责人:王静成

Risk factors for recurrent prosthesis dislocation after total hip arthroplasty through posterolateral approach

Li Kai1, Liu Zhendong1, Li Xiaolei2, Wang Jingcheng3   

  1. 1Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Joint Surgery, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China; 3President of Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-05 Revised:2021-03-06 Accepted:2021-04-23 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2021-10-27
  • Contact: Wang Jingcheng, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, President of Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Li Kai, Master candidate, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81772332 (to WJC)

摘要:

文题释义:
全髋关节置换:指的是通过使用人工制造的股骨部分及髋臼部分置换出患者病变的股骨头,以取代患者病变的髋关节,恢复患者的髋关节正常运动,具有损伤小、术后恢复快、可减少老年患者卧床时间等显著优点,已成为老年股骨头无菌性坏死及股骨颈骨折的成熟可靠治疗方法。
后外侧入路:是指患者取侧卧位,手术切口以髂后上棘、大转子及股骨干为切口标志,方向起自大转子后缘沿股骨干向下6 cm,弧形向后上指向髂后上棘方向的髋关节置换手术入路。

背景:后外侧入路全髋关节置换后并发反复性假体脱位是影响患者生活质量的严重并发症之一,也是临床医生面临的难题。目前对反复性假体脱位的影响因素的分析仍较少,因此学术界针对并发反复性假体脱位的原因尚不明确。
目的:分析影响后外侧入路全髋关节置换后反复性假体脱位的危险因素。
方法:收集在苏北人民医院行后外侧入路全髋关节置换的患者142例,依据术后2年内的脱位情况分为无脱位组(n=54)、单次脱位组(n=50)与反复脱位组(n=38)。收集可能导致术后假体脱位及可能发展成反复性假体脱位的危险因素进行统计分析。对影响反复性假体脱位的因素进行logistic回归分析,进而得出相关独立危险因素。
结果与结论:①3组患者的性别、慢性病史、体质量指数比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),年龄、早期脱位史、神经系统疾病史、股骨假体直径、髋臼外展角是否正常、股骨前倾角大小及是否正常等比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②与单次脱位组比较,反复脱位组患者发生早期脱位概率、合并神经系统疾病概率及前倾角异常比率明显升高(P < 0.05),股骨头假体直径明显减小(P < 0.05);③logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄、神经系统疾病史、早期脱位史、股骨前倾角是否正常及股骨头直径与全髋关节置换后发生反复假体脱位具有相关性(P < 0.05);④结果表明,患者高龄、首次脱位是否为早期脱位、是否合并神经系统病变、股骨前倾角是否正常及股骨头直径大小可能是导致后外侧入路全髋关节置换后假体反复性脱位的危险因素。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-3695 (李凯) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨科植入物, 全髋关节置换, 假体植入, 假体脱位, 后外侧入路, 反复性, 关节成形术, 髋脱位

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent prosthetic dislocation after total hip arthroplasty with posterolateral approach is one of the serious complications that affect the quality of life of patients, and it is also a problem faced by clinicians. At present, the analysis of the influencing factors of repetitive prosthesis dislocation is still relatively small, so the reason for the concurrent repetitive prosthesis dislocation is not clear in the academic circles.  
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors of recurrent prosthetic dislocation after total hip arthroplasty through posterolateral approach.
METHODS:  142 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty through posterolateral approach in Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province were collected. According to the dislocation within 2 years after operation, patients were divided into non-dislocation group (n=54), single dislocation group (n=50), and repeated dislocation group (n=38). The risk factors that may lead to postoperative dislocation of the prosthesis and the development of repetitive prosthesis dislocation were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting repetitive prosthesis dislocation, and then to summarize the relevant independent risk factors.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in gender, chronic disease history, and body mass index among the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in age, history of early dislocation, history of neurological diseases, femoral prosthesis diameter, acetabular abduction angle, and femoral anteversion angle and whether it was normal (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the single dislocation group, patients in the repeated dislocation group had a significantly higher probability of early dislocation, neurological disease and abnormal anteversion angle (P < 0.05), and the diameter of the femoral head prosthesis was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). (3) Logistic regression analysis showed that the patient’s age, history of neurological diseases, history of early dislocation, whether the femoral anteversion angle was normal, and the diameter of the femoral head were correlated with repeated prosthetic dislocations after total hip arthroplasty (P < 0.05). (4) The results showed that the patient’s advanced age, whether the first dislocation was an early dislocation, whether it was complicated by neurological disease, whether the femoral anteversion angle was normal, and the diameter of the femoral head may be risk factors for recurrent prosthesis dislocation after total hip arthroplasty through posterolateral approach.

Key words: orthopedic implants, total hip arthroplasty, prosthesis implantation, prosthesis dislocation, posterolateral approach, repetitive, arthroplasty, hip dislocation

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