中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (32): 5216-5220.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1342

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

膝骨关节炎的个体化治疗

孟 纬   

  1. 天津医科大学总医院滨海医院,天津市  300480
  • 出版日期:2019-11-18 发布日期:2019-11-18
  • 作者简介:孟纬,男,1974年生,天津市人,汉族,1998年天津医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事骨关节、骨创伤方面的研究。

Individualized treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Meng Wei   

  1. Binhai Hospital, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300480, China
  • Online:2019-11-18 Published:2019-11-18
  • About author:Meng Wei, Associate chief physician, Binhai Hospital, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300480, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
膝骨关节炎的阶梯性治疗:即根据病程不同,可采取从药物到手术的个性化治疗,而关节置换技术也日趋成熟并趋于微创化,当前最前沿的观点是采用高位胫骨截骨、单髁置换和全膝关节置换等不同治疗方法在内的“治疗阶梯”,将“保膝”和“换膝”的方法整合在一起,全面评估个体情况,提出个体化的治疗方案——膝骨关节炎的阶梯治疗。
膝骨关节炎的影像学表现:膝关节X射线及CT显示膝关节骨赘形成,关节间隙减小甚至消失。MRI表现为软骨下骨质内片状高信号影,软骨表面粗糙,软骨缺失,呈现锯齿样改变,骨髓水肿。
 
摘要
背景:膝骨关节炎分为原发性和继发性,原发性的病因尚不明确,虽然治疗方法很多,但是均有其适应证和弊端。
目的:比较和分析膝骨关节炎诊治手段的优点和最佳适应证,为临床工作和科研提供依据和指导。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索 PubMed、万方数据库中2009至2018年出版的文献,英文检索词为“knee osteoarthritis,treatment,high tibial osteotomy,unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,total knee arthroplasty”;中文检索词为“膝骨关节炎,治疗,高位胫骨截骨,单髁置换,全膝关节置换”。按入选标准进行人工筛选,排除与主题相关性差及重复、陈旧的文献,最终纳入24篇文献。
结果与结论:①当前膝骨关节炎最前沿的观点是采用高位胫骨截骨、单髁置换和全膝关节置换等不同治疗方法在内的“治疗阶梯”,将“保膝”和“换膝”的方法整合在一起;②针对膝骨关节炎患者,应全面评估个体情况,提出个体化的治疗方案——膝骨关节炎的阶梯治疗,兼顾保关节治疗与关节置换治疗,并兼顾考虑患者疼痛的缓解和功能的保护,以及假体的生存率和患者满意度,选择出真正适合患者的治疗阶梯;③因此在膝骨关节炎的系统性诊治中制订出具有客观性、针对性、个体化的最优方案,仍需要在今后临床及研究工作中进一步深入探讨实践。

ORCID: 0000-0002-5714-7703(孟纬)

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 发病机制, 个体化治疗, 阶梯治疗, 高位胫骨截骨, 单髁置换, 全膝关节置换

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis can be divided into primary and secondary osteoarthritis. The etiology of primary osteoarthritis is still unclear. Although there are many treatments, they all have their indications and disadvantages.
OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the advantages and the best indications of diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis, so as to provide basis and guidance for clinical work and scientific research.
METHODS: PubMed and Wanfang databases published from 2009 to 2018 were retrieved by the first author. The key words were “knee osteoarthritis, treatment, high tibial osteotomy, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty” in English and Chinese. Artificial screening was conducted according to the selection criteria to exclude the poor correlation and duplicate and obsolete literature, and finally 24 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the most advanced viewpoint is to adopt different treatment methods in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, such as high tibial osteotomy, unicondylar replacement and total knee replacement, to integrate the methods of “knee protection” and “knee replacement”. (2) For patients with knee osteoarthritis, individual conditions should be comprehensively evaluated and individualized treatment scheme should be put forward—stepped treatment of knee osteoarthritis, taking into account both joint-preserving therapy and joint replacement therapy. Moreover, consideration should be given to the relief of pain and protection of function, survival rate of prosthesis and patient satisfaction so as to choose the treatment ladder that is really suitable for patients. (3) Therefore, an objective, targeted and individualized optimal scheme still needs to be formulated in the systematic diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It is still necessary to further explore the practice in the future clinical and research work. 

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, pathogenesis, individualized treatment, stepped treatment, high tibial osteotomy, unicondylar replacement, total knee replacement

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