中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 860-865.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2388

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带缺陷对固定平台单髁置换后中期疗效的影响

刘少华1,2 , 周观明2, 陈希聪2, 肖可明2, 蔡  剑2, 刘效仿1,2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院,广东省佛山市   528000;2佛山市中医院骨十科,广东省佛山市   528000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-24 修回日期:2020-03-30 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘效仿,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院,广东省佛山市 528000;佛山市中医院骨十科,广东省佛山市 528000
  • 作者简介:刘少华,男,1982年生,河北省邢台市人,广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院同等学力博士,广州中医药大学在读博士,主治医师,主要从事骨关节疾病的损伤与治疗研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省医学科学技术研究(20161181228306)

Influence of anterior cruciate ligament defect on the mid-term outcome of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Liu Shaohua1, 2, Zhou Guanming2, Chen Xicong2, Xiao Keming2, Cai Jian2, Liu Xiaofang1, 2   

  1. 1Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; 2Tenth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-24 Revised:2020-03-30 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-03
  • Contact: Liu Xiaofang, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Tenth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Shaohua, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Tenth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Medical Science and Technology Research in Guangdong Province, No. 20161181228306

摘要:

文题释义:
单髁假体置换:是一种置换范围局限在单侧髁的置换,属于人工膝关节置换的一个特殊类型。膝单髁关节置换与全膝关节置换几乎同时起步于20世纪70年代初期,单髁关节置换的目的是尽可能的保留正常关节结构,以期获得更好的功能恢复,目前临床上单髁假体有活动平台和固定平台2种。
前交叉韧带:起自于股骨外侧髁内侧面的半圆形凹陷处,然后经前内侧通过股骨髁间凹插入并附着于胫骨髁间隆起的前方,与外侧半月板的前中部相连,根据前交叉韧带胫骨附着点的位置将其分为前内侧束和后外侧束2部分,主要功能是屈膝时防止胫骨前移,伸膝时阻止膝关节过伸,同时控制膝关节旋转。

背景:固定平台单髁置换已成为治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的有效方法,近年来随着单髁假体设计及手术技术的不断发展,年龄、体质量、髌股关节病变不再是固定平台单髁置换手术的绝对禁忌证,然而对于前交叉韧带缺陷是否影响固定平台单髁置换假体的生存率还存在争议。
目的:探讨固定平台单髁置换技术应用于膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎合并前交叉韧带缺陷患者的手术疗效及翻修率。
方法:选择2014年3月至2016年3月佛山市中医院收治的膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎患者268例,其中男111例,女157例,均接受固定平台单髁置换治疗,根据术前MRI和术中探查分为前交叉韧带缺陷组(n=45)与前交叉韧带完整组(n=223)。术后随访4-6年,统计假体生存率,采用HSS评分、Tegner评分对手术前后膝关节功能进行评估,分析髋膝踝角、后倾角评估下肢力线情况,同时利用红外光导航膝关节三维动态评估系统获取膝关节六自由度运动学参数,客观评估术后膝关节功能。研究获得佛山市中医院伦理委员会批准,批准号20140317。
结果与结论:①两组均出现术后持续性疼痛、外侧间室进展性关节炎等并发症,前交叉韧带缺陷组术后翻修率为4.40%,前交叉韧带完整组翻修率为4.03%,两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②末次随访时,两组间HSS评分、Tegner评分、髋膝踝角、后倾角角比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③末次随访时,两组间膝关节内外翻角度、屈伸活动角度、内外旋角度、上下位移、内外位移、前后位移运动分析6个自由度数据相似(P > 0.05);④结果表明在随访期内,固定平台单髁置换治疗术前膝关节稳定的前交叉韧带缺陷患者与前交叉韧带完整患者具有相同的手术疗效和假体生存率。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-8026 (刘少华) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 置换, 单髁置换, 膝关节, 前交叉韧带, 单间室, 关节炎

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has become an effective method for the treatment of medial single-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee joint. In recent years, with the continuous development of the design of unicompartmental prosthesis and surgical techniques, age, body mass idex and patellofemoral joint lesions are no longer the absolute contraindication for fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. However, it is still controversial whether anterior cruciate ligament defects affect the survival rate of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect and revision rate of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the patients with medial univentricular osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.
METHODS: A total of 268 patients with single-compartment osteoarthritis of the medial knee joint admitted to Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2014 to March 2016 were selected, including 111 males and 157 females, who were all treated with fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. According to preoperative MRI and intraoperative exploration, the patients were divided into anterior cruciate ligament defect group (n=45) and anterior cruciate ligament intact group (n=223). After 4-6 years of follow-up, the survival rate of the prosthesis was counted. The knee function was evaluated by hospital for special surgery knee score and Tegner scores. Hip knee ankle angle and posterior slope angle were analyzed to evaluate the lower limb alignmentthe. Six degrees of freedom kinematic parameters of the knee joint were obtained by the three-dimensional dynamic evaluation system guided by infrared light to evaluate objectively knee joint function after operation. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. 20140317).  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Complications such as postoperative persistent pain and progressive arthritis of lateral compartment occurred in both groups. The rate of revision was 4.40% in anterior cruciate ligament defect group and 4.03% in anterior cruciate ligament intact group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in hospital for special surgery knee score, Tegner score, hip knee ankle angle and posterior slope angle between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) At the last follow-up, the data of six degrees of freedom were similar between the two groups, including knee varus angle, flexion and extension angle, internal and external rotation angle, up and down displacement, internal and external displacement, anteroposterior displacement movement (P > 0.05). (4) The results showed that during the follow-up period, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has the same surgical effect and prosthesis survival rate in anterior cruciate ligament defect patients with stable knee joint as that of patients with intact anterior cruciate ligament.

Key words: bone, replacement, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament, unicompartmental, arthritis

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