中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (21): 3313-3318.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3869

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

基于断裂力学认识老年股骨转子间骨折后内固定取除的可行性

蔡群斌1,杨丽娟2,李秋民2,陈心敏2,郑利钦1,黄培镇1,林梓凌1,姜自伟1   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第一附属医院创伤骨科,广东省广州市   510405;2丰城市中医院,江西省丰城市   331100
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-28 修回日期:2020-07-29 接受日期:2020-09-21 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 姜自伟,博士,副主任中医师,硕士生导师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:蔡群斌,男,1985年生,广东省潮州市人,汉族,2012年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨与关节损伤的诊治与研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81673996),项目负责人:林梓凌;广州中医药大学第一附属医院“创新强院”临床研究专项项目(2019IIT11),项目负责人:姜自伟

Feasibility of internal fixation removal of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients based on fracture mechanics

Cai Qunbin1, Yang Lijuan2, Li Qiumin2, Chen Xinmin2, Zheng Liqin1, Huang Peizhen1, Lin Ziling1, Jiang Ziwei1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Fengcheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fengcheng 331100, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-07-28 Revised:2020-07-29 Accepted:2020-09-21 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-01-23
  • Contact: Jiang Ziwei, MD, Associate chief TCM physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Cai Qunbin, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81673996 (to LZL); Special Clinical Research Project Named “Innovation and Strengthening Hospital” of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019IIT11 (to JZW)

摘要:

文题释义:
断裂力学:主要是研究裂纹在固体材料中的传播和扩散规律,以预测、防止和控制断裂行为的发生,骨骼作为一种生物固体材料,骨质疏松后的骨骼裂纹和缺陷更加明显,骨折断裂机制研究同样遵循断裂力学。
内固定取除:内固定的主要作用是维持骨折断端的生物力学稳定,术中骨折断端复位后置入内固定,维持良好的对位对线并牢固固定,促进骨折的愈合;当骨折愈合后,内固定的使命完成,临床不可避免面临着内固定取除问题。

背景:股骨转子间骨折患者日益增多,临床最常用股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗。对于骨折愈合后要求取除内固定患者,究竟该如何去评判取除内固定的标准?取除内固定后是否需要植骨?又该何时下地及怎样行术后康复?国内外对此研究甚少。
目的:基于断裂力学分析股骨转子间骨折术后股骨近端防旋髓内钉取除的可行性,为临床医生评估老年股骨转子间骨折后取除内固定可行性提供依据和风险预测。
方法:将1例健康志愿者的CT资料导入Mimics 19.0和Geomagic studio 2017软件,提取优化获得右侧股骨三维模型。在Solidworks 2017软件中按临床标准手术技术装配内固定模型和股骨模型,然后删除内固定,得到遗留骨隧道的股骨模型并导入Hypermesh 14.0软件中划分网格、定义不同皮质骨、松质骨及应力骨小梁得到基于Singh指数1-6级的模型A-F,设置材料属性参数、边界条件、施加载荷后分别提交LS-DYNA软件中求解,在HYperview 14.0中查看运算结果。试验于2019-03-14经广州中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准,医院伦理批件号Y[2019]164。
结果与结论:①模型A-C和D-F起始断裂应力相近,但前者整体应力明显小于后者,模型A-F断裂应力整体呈递增趋势,而起始断裂时间则呈递减趋势;②从加载应力到股骨颈完全断裂,6个模型断裂消失的松质骨整体数量均较少,内侧股骨矩是主要的支撑结构;③模型A-F最终都形成股骨颈骨折,且Pauwels角及股骨头内翻角度都呈递减趋势;④随着患者骨质疏松越严重,股骨转子间骨折取除股骨近端防旋髓内钉术后越容易发生二次断裂;⑤对于严重骨质疏松患者,取除股骨近端防旋髓内钉时可采取打压植骨方式,填充骨隧道,增加稳定性。

关键词: 断裂力学, 骨质疏松, 转子间骨折, 内固定取除, 可行性, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is increasing. For patients who require removal of internal fixation after fracture healing, how to evaluate the standard of removal of internal fixation? Is bone grafting necessary after removal of internal fixation? When and how to do postoperative rehabilitation? There is little research on it in and outside China.
OBJECTIVE: Based on fracture mechanics, the feasibility of removal of proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nailing after intertrochanteric fracture was analyzed, so as to provide certain reference basis and risk prediction for clinicians to evaluate the feasibility of fixation removal after intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.
METHODS: CT data of one volunteer were imported into Mimics 19.0 and Geomagic studio 2017 software to extract and optimize the three-dimensional model of the right femur. SolidWorks 2017 software was used to draw the internal fixation model and assemble it with femur model according to the standard operation technology. After deleting the internal fixation, the legacy of femoral bone tunnel model was imported into Hypermesh software 14.0. After meshing, defining different cortical bone, cancellous bone, and trabecular bone stress, models A-F was obtained based on Singh1-6. After setting material properties parameters, boundary conditions and loading, data were submitted into LS-DYNA software for solution, respectively. Finally, the operation result was checked in HYperview 14.0 software. The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine on March 14, 2019 (hospital ethics approval No. Y [2019] 164).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The initial fracture stress of models A-C and models D-F was similar, but the overall stress of models A-F was significantly smaller than that of models D-F. The overall fracture stress of models A-F presented an increasing trend, while the initial fracture time presented a decreasing trend. (2) From the loading stress to the complete fracture of the femoral neck, the overall number of cancellous bone with fracture disappearance in the six models was relatively small, and the medial femoral moment was the main supporting structure. (3) In models A-F, femoral neck fractures were formed, and Pauwels angle and varus angle of the femoral head showed a decreasing trend. (4) The more severe the osteoporosis in patients, the more likely the secondary fracture would occur after the removal of proximal antirotation intramedullary nail in the femoral trochanteric fracture. (5) For patients with severe osteoporosis, the proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail can be removed by crushing bone grafting to fill in bone tunnel and to increase stability.

Key words: fracture mechanics, osteoporosis, intertrochanteric fracture, internal fixation removal, feasibility, finite element analysis

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