中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 356-361.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2985

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

锁定螺钉辅助髋臼杯不同固定方式的有限元分析

陈  路,张建光,邓长弓,严才平,张  伟,张  袁   

  1. 川北医学院附属医院骨科,四川省南充市    637000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27 修回日期:2020-03-05 接受日期:2020-04-18 出版日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2020-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 陈路,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师,川北医学院附属医院骨科,四川省南充市 637000
  • 作者简介:陈路,男,1976年生,四川省南充市人,汉族,2009年重庆医科大学毕业,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事关节外科方面的研究。

Finite element analysis of locking screw assisted acetabular cup fixation

Chen Lu, Zhang Jianguang, Deng Changgong, Yan Caiping, Zhang Wei, Zhang Yuan   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2020-02-27 Revised:2020-03-05 Accepted:2020-04-18 Online:2021-01-28 Published:2020-11-16
  • Contact: Chen Lu, Master, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Chen Lu, Master, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
人工髋关节置换:是治疗髋关节疾病带来的疼痛和恢复功能的最终方案,术后失败的常见原因有假体无菌性松动、假体周围骨折及感染等,其中主要原因是假体无菌性松动。
髋关节置换传统固定方式(非骨水泥髋臼杯):主要包括人工髋臼杯压配和辅助普通松质骨臼杯螺钉固定,无论哪种方式都是以维持臼杯的初始稳定性为目的,最终靠骨组织长入获得满意的远期治疗效果。虽然臼杯螺钉的应用较为普遍,却存在争议。
髋关节置换改进新方式:设计普通松质骨臼杯螺钉为锁定松质骨臼杯螺钉,髋臼杯螺孔改为具有牙纹的螺孔。其原理是通过锁定螺钉产生角稳定性从而维持与加强臼杯的初期稳定性,增加臼杯早期骨长入概率,利于患者的早期恢复和功能锻炼,特别适用于骨质疏松、翻修及骨缺损患者。

背景:人工髋关节置换后失败的一个重要原因是假体无菌性松动。传统髋臼杯固定方式在维持臼杯初始稳定性上仍然存在争议,进一步改进臼杯的固定方式来增加其稳定性是一种可以考虑的方法。
目的:分析锁定螺钉辅助髋臼杯固定方式的可行性和优越性。
方法:通过软件Solidworks重建髋臼杯和螺钉并加以组配,对比3种方式下(髋臼杯、髋臼杯和普通松质骨螺钉、髋臼杯和锁定松质骨螺钉)髋臼杯、螺钉受到的应力以及髋臼杯受到的剪切力。
结果与结论:①建立的髋臼杯与螺钉的有限元模型几何相似性好,能用于有限元分析;②组配有锁定螺钉的髋臼杯受到的应力和剪切力较单独的髋臼杯和组配普通螺钉的髋臼杯小;③锁定螺钉承受应力较普通螺钉增高,能有效地分散髋臼杯受到的剪切力;④提示组配锁定螺钉来固定髋臼杯可有效防止髋臼杯不稳、假体松动的可能;较传统方式能更好地为髋臼杯提供稳定性,为后期骨组织长入维持力学环境;较组配普通螺钉方式引起的承载应力能力有限、抗髋臼杯剪切力偏低等情况优越。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8269 (陈路) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 关节, 关节成形术, 髋臼, 锁定螺钉, 螺钉, 髋臼杯, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The main reason for the failure after total hip arthroplasty is aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. The traditional acetabular cup fixation method is still controversial in maintaining the initial stability of the acetabular cup. It is a new method that can be considered to further improve the fixation method of the acetabular cup to increase its stability.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and superiority of locking screw assisted acetabular cup fixation. 
METHODS: The digital model of acetabular cup and screws were reconstructed and assembled by software Solidworks. The Von-Mises and shear stress of the acetabular cup and screw by three methods, including acetabular cup, acetabular cup with ordinary cancellous bone screw, and acetabular cup with locked cancellous bone screw, were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The finite element model of the established acetabular cup and screw had excellent geometric similarity and could be used for finite element analysis. (2) The acetabular cups with locking screws received less Von-Mises and shear stress than other methods. (3) The locking screws could bear higher stress than ordinary screws and effectively dispersed the shear stress of acetabular cups. (4) It is concluded that the combination of locking screws to fix the acetabular cup can effectively prevent the instability of the acetabular cup and the loosening of the prosthesis; it can better provide stability for the acetabular cup and the mechanical environment that the bone tissue grow in the later stage. The acetabular cups with locking screws have obvious advantages than other ordinary screw, which has the limited bearing capacity and low anti-acetabular cup shear force.

Key words: joint, arthroplasty, acetabulum, locking screw, screw, acetabular cup, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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