中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (18): 2810-2815.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3842

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

步态周期下各级骨关节炎软骨力学行为的数值分析

韩  磊1,2,刘海英1,2,张  浩1,2   

  1. 1天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室,天津市   300384;2机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心(天津理工大学),天津市   300384

  • 收稿日期:2020-06-16 修回日期:2020-06-20 接受日期:2020-07-20 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 刘海英,博士,副教授,天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室,天津市 300384;机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心(天津理工大学),天津市 300384
  • 作者简介:韩磊,男,1995年生,山西省晋城市人,汉族,天津理工大学在读硕士,主要从事生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(11402172),项目负责人:刘海英

Numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviors of cartilage in various levels of osteoarthritis in a gait cycle

Han Lei1, 2, Liu Haiying1, 2, Zhang Hao1, 2    

  1. 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromechanical System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin 300384, China; 2National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China 
  • Received:2020-06-16 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-20 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-01-11
  • Contact: Liu Haiying, phD, Associate professor, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromechanical System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin 300384, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China
  • About author:Han Lei, Master candidate, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromechanical System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin 300384, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11402172 (to LHY) 

摘要:

文题释义:
各级骨关节炎:健康成人患骨关节炎后,根据影像学Kellgrene Lawrence (K-L)分级可分为5级:0级为正常;1级关节间隙可疑变窄;2级关节间隙变窄有微量骨赘产生;3级关节间隙中度变窄软骨出现硬化性改变;4级关节间隙变窄大量骨赘产生且软骨畸变。
步态周期:在行走过程中一侧足跟着地至该足跟再次着地时所经历的时间,一个步态周期可划分为支撑时相和摆动时相。支撑时相划分为足跟着地、支撑中期、足跟离地等动作阶段,摆动时相划分为加速期、离地期和减速期。

背景:各级骨关节炎软骨的力学环境对骨关节炎发展的进程具有一定的影响,计算机模拟仿真提供了一种量化膝关节软骨力学环境的方法,使利用有限元技术来研究各级骨关节炎软骨的力学行为成为可能。
目的:通过数值模拟对比研究健康成人与各级骨关节炎患者在步态周期下软骨的应力分布及软骨内液体流速变化的规律,探索骨关节炎患者步态周期下的力学行为。
方法:通过CT和MRI扫描得健康成年人膝关节数据,应用软件Abaqus建立全膝关节三维有限元模型。通过Hypermesh划分全膝关节网格,再设定全膝关节内部各部件间绑定关系及相互作用,最后通过改变软骨的材料属性及调整各相的时长和股骨与胫骨平台间的夹角来实现模型中对健康成人与各级骨关节炎软骨载荷及边界条件的设定。
结果与结论:①模拟结果表明,在步态周期内股骨软骨和胫骨软骨的平均Mises应力和软骨内液体流速变化的曲线均为先增大后减小;②相比于健康成人,各级骨关节炎患者随病程加重,软骨的Mises应力持续减小,软骨内液体流速则先增大,当发展到3级骨关节炎流速则减小;且各级骨关节炎软骨的Mises应力和液体流速的变化范围也减小;③因此,随着骨关节炎病程持续发展,患者在步态周期下软骨的内液体流速增大、Mises应力减小及关节表面应力变化范围减小,从而导致关节承重和缓震能力减弱。

关键词: 骨, 膝关节, 关节软骨, 骨关节炎, 步态周期, 数值模拟, 应力, 液体流速

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanical environment of cartilage with osteoarthritis at all levels has a certain influence on the development of osteoarthritis. Computer simulation provides a method to quantify the mechanical environment of knee joint cartilage, which makes it possible to study the mechanical behavior of osteoarthritis cartilage by finite element method.
OBJECTIVE: To study the stress distribution of cartilage and the change rule of fluid velocity in cartilage of healthy adults and cartilage with osteoarthritis at all levels through numerical simulation so as to explore the mechanical behaviors of cartilage with osteoarthritis at gait cycle.
METHODS: The knee joint data of healthy adults were obtained by CT and MRI scanning, and the three-dimensional finite element model of the whole knee joint was established by Abaqus software. The software HyperMesh was used to divide the mesh of the total knee joint, and the binding relationship and interaction between internal components of the knee was set. By changing the material properties of cartilage and adjusting the time length of each phase and the angle between femur and tibial plateau, the cartilage load and boundary conditions of healthy adults and osteoarthritis at all levels could be set in the model.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The simulation results showed that the mean Mises stress and the change curves of fluid velocity in the femur cartilage and tibia cartilage increased firstly and then decreased in the gait cycle. (2) Compared with healthy adults, the Mises stress of cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis at all levels continually decreased with duration of disease. The flow velocity of fluid in cartilage firstly increased and then decreased when it developed to osteoarthritis grade 3, and the change range of Mises stress and fluid flow velocity of cartilage with osteoarthritis at all levels decreased. (3) Therefore, with the continuous development of osteoarthritis, the fluid flow velocity increased, the Mises stress decreased and the range of joint surface stress changes decreased in a gait cycle, which lead to the weakening of joint bearing and cushioning capacity.

Key words: bone, knee, articular cartilage, osteoarthritis, gait cycle, numerical simulation, stress, liquid flow

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