中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (18): 2816-2821.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3843

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童下颈椎前路4种内固定模型的螺钉-骨抗拔出有限元分析

曲星月1,周建强2,徐雪彬1,张少杰3,李志军3,4,王  星3,4   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学,1研究生学院,3基础医学院解剖学教研室,4数字医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010059;2呼和浩特市第一医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20 修回日期:2020-07-22 接受日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 张少杰,副教授,硕士生导师,内蒙古医科大学基础医学院解剖学教研室,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059
  • 作者简介:曲星月,女,1995年生,黑龙江省佳木斯市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓的数字与应用解剖学研究。 周建强,男,1980年生,内蒙古自治区托克托县人,汉族,硕士,主要从事儿童颈椎数字化研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660358),项目负责人:张少杰;国家自然科学基金(81860383),项目负责人:李志军;国家自然科学基金(81860382),项目负责人:王星;内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2019MS08017),项目负责人:张少杰

Finite element analysis of screw-bone anti-pullout in four models of anterior lower cervical fixation in children

Qu Xingyue1, Zhou Jianqiang2, Xu Xuebin1, Zhang Shaojie3, Li Zhijun3, 4, Wang Xing3, 4   

  1. 1Graduate School, 3Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, 4Center of Digital Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2First Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 
  • Received:2020-07-20 Revised:2020-07-22 Accepted:2020-08-19 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-01-11
  • Contact: Zhang Shaojie, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Anatomy of Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Qu Xingyue, Master, Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Zhou Jianqiang, Master, First Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Qu Xingyue and Zhou Jianqiang contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660358 (to ZSJ); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860383 (to LZJ); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860382 (to WX); the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, No. 2019MS08017 (to ZSJ) 

摘要:

文题释义:
下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定:此技术是将螺钉从椎体前方置入椎弓根,继承了传统前路和后路手术的优势,既提高了三柱稳定性又降低了术中及术后风险。
螺钉-骨抗拔出力:是指在内固定应用中螺钉螺纹与骨质的咬合力,即螺钉在骨质内的把持能力。影响抗拔出力的因素有螺纹与骨质的接触面积、骨质的强度等。

背景:儿童下颈椎前路内固定临床已有应用,但儿童颈椎独特的发育形态、生理特征及力学变化与成人颈椎之间存在较大差异,临床上应用螺钉固定易发生松动、移位和拔出,需要对儿童不同种的螺钉内固定方式进行螺钉-骨抗拔出力实验分析。
目的:运用有限元分析方法比较4种螺钉内固定系统在儿童下颈椎前路模型中螺钉抗拔出力的优越性。
方法:采集6岁正常女童尸体标本(经家属知情同意)多层螺旋CT扫描的颈椎影像数据,利用Mimics 16.01、Pro/E 5.0、Geomagic Studio 2015、Hypermesh 14.0和Abaqus 6.14等软件构建出正常C4的三维有限元模型,在C4模型基础上建立颈前路双皮质椎弓根螺钉内固定(anterior cervical bicortical pedicle screw internal fixation,ACBS)、颈前路单皮质椎弓根螺钉内固定(anterior cervical single cortical pedicle screw internal fixation,ACSS)、颈前路椎体钉锁定螺钉内固定(anterior cervical vertebral screw internal fixation,ACVS)、颈前路Orion螺钉内固定(anterior cervical Orion screw internal fixation,ACOS)4种螺钉内固定模型,并对其螺钉抗拔出应力峰值及螺钉各部位应力值进行分析。
结果与结论:①螺钉抗拔出应力峰由高至低依次为:ACBS组>ACSS组>ACVS组>ACOS组;②4种内固定模型螺钉拔出过程中,螺钉杆前部承受最大应力,应力向尖部传递过程中呈衰减趋势;③4种内固定模型中颈椎在椎体部位应力峰值最大,椎弓根内固定较单纯椎体内固定更具稳定性;④ACBS组中颈椎应力峰值及螺钉应力峰值均高于其他组,把持力更好;ACSS组颈椎应力峰值及螺钉应力峰值高于ACVS组、ACOS组,ACVS组与ACOS组无差异;⑤结果表明,双皮质椎弓根螺钉内固定在儿童颈前路内固定螺钉拔出力中更具有优越性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-293X (曲星月) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 内固定, 下颈椎内固定, 椎弓根螺钉, 骨-螺钉抗拔出力, 有限元分析, 儿童

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior internal fixation of lower cervical spine in children has been applied clinically. However, the unique developmental morphology, physiological characteristics and mechanical changes of children’s cervical vertebrae are significantly different from those of adults. It is easy for screw fixation to loosen, shift and pull-out in clinical application, so it is necessary to carry out screw-bone pull-out test analysis for different screw internal fixation methods in children. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the superiority of the four screw internal fixation systems in the anterior model of the lower cervical spine in children using finite element analysis.
METHODS: The cervical spine image data were collected from the multislice spiral CT scanning of corpse specimen of a 6-year-old normal girl (with informed consent of family members), and the three-dimensional finite element model of normal C4 was constructed by using software such as Mimics 16.01, Pro/E 5.0, Geomagic Studio 2015, Hypermesh 14.0 and Abaqus 6.14. On the basis of C4 model, four kinds of screw fixation models were established, i.e., anterior cervical bicortical pedicle screw internal fixation (ACBS), anterior cervical single cortical pedicle screw internal fixation (ACSS), anterior cervical vertebral screw internal fixation (ACVS) and anterior cervical Orion screw internal fixation (ACOS). The screw pull-out stress peak value and the stress value of each part of the screw were analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress peak of screw pull-out resistance was in order from high to low: ACBS group > ACSS group > ACVS group > ACOS group. (2) In the process of pulling out the screws of the four internal fixation models, the front part of the screw rod bore the greatest stress, and the stress was attenuated during the process of transferring to the tip. (3) The four internal fixation models had the highest stress peak in the vertebral body, and the pedicle internal fixation was more stable than the internal fixation alone. (4) The peak stress of the cervical spine and the peak of the screw stress in the ACBS group were higher than those of the other groups, and the holding power was better. The cervical spine stress peak and screw stress peak in ACSS group were higher than those in ACVS group and ACOS group, and there was no difference between ACVS group and ACOS group. (5) The results showed that bicortical pedicle screw internal fixation was superior to the anterior cervical screw extraction in children.   

Key words: bone, internal fixation, lower cervical internal fixation, pedicle screw, bone-screw pullout force, finite element analysis, children

中图分类号: